~ January 1992 INTERNET MONTHLY REPORTS ------------------------ The purpose of these reports is to communicate to the Internet Research Group the accomplishments, milestones reached, or problems discovered by the participating organizations. This report is for Internet information purposes only, and is not to be quoted in other publications without permission from the submitter. Each organization is expected to submit a 1/2 page report on the first business day of the month describing the previous month's activities. These reports should be submitted via network mail to: Ann Westine Cooper (Cooper@ISI.EDU) NSF Regional reports - Corinne Carroll (ccarroll@NNSC.NSF.NET) Directory Services reports - Tom Tignor (TPT2@ISI.EDU) Requests to be added or deleted from the Internet Monthly report list should be sent to "cooper@isi.edu". Back issues of the Internet Monthly Report can be copied via FTP: FTP> nis.nsf.net Login: anonymous guest ftp> cd imr ls get IMRYY-MM.TXT For example, JUNE 1991 is in the file IMR91-06.TXT. Cooper [Page 1] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTERNET ACTIVITIES BOARD IAB MESSAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 3 INTERNET RESEARCH REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 4 AUTONOMOUS NETWORKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 4 END-TO-END SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 5 PRIVACY AND SECURITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 6 RESOURCE DISCOVERY AND DIRECTORY SERVICE. . . . . . . . . page 7 INTERNET ENGINEERING REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 7 Internet Projects BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN, INC., . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 10 CERFNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 11 CONCERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 12 CSUNET (CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY NETWORK). . . . . . . page 12 ISI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 13 JVNCNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 15 LOS NETTOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 17 MITRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 17 NEARNET (NEW ENGLAND ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH NETWORK) . . . page 17 NNSC, UCAR/BOLT BERANEK and NEWMAN, INC., . . . . . . . . page 18 NORTHWESTNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 19 NSFNET/ANSNET BACKBONE ENGINEERING. . . . . . . . . . . . page 20 NSFNET/INFORMATION SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 25 PREPnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 26 SAIC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 26 SDSC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 27 SRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 28 UCL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 29 UDEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 29 WISCNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 30 X.400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 30 DIRECTORY SERVICES ACTIVITIES DIRECTORY SERVICES MESSAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 34 IETF OSIDS & DISI WORKING GROUPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . page 34 FOX - FIELD OPERATIONAL X.500 PROJECT . . . . . . . . . . page 36 ISI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 36 PARADISE PROJECT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 37 SG-D MHS-MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 38 CALENDAR OF EVENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 41 Cooper [Page 2] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 IAB MESSAGE PASSAGE The IAB is descended from an Internet research advisory group set up about 1980 by DARPA, with the unlikely name of Internet Configuration Control Board, or ICCB. The ICCB chair was Dave Clark of the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science; he had played a leading role in the protocol research effort which developed the TCP/IP protocols. Around 1983, DARPA restructured the ICCB into a task-force-based Internet Activities Board, or IAB. Dave Clark continued as chair of the new IAB, and he held this post until Vint Cerf accepted this responsibility in July, 1989. During his 9 years as ICCB/IAB chair, Dave Clark combined wise leadership with a keen analytical approach, as the IAB attempted to facilitate technology transfer of the Internet architecture from research into practice. The success of this effort, apparent to all, owes a significant debt to Clark's leadership. He has been justly honored by SIGCOMM and at Interop for his contributions to the Internet. In the last few years, Clark has resolved to return to research, to work on the "next generation" of networking. As a result, he departed the IAB at the January meeting. He will be missed. SECOND ARCHITECTURE RETREAT Last June, the IAB, IESG, and IRSG held a three-day meeting on the future of the Internet architecture. The results of that meeting were reported at the August IETF meeting in Atlanta, and were recently published in RFC-1287. To advance this planning work, a second retreat was held at BBN in Cambridge, MA, on January 8-9, 1992. The results of this meeting will be made available in the future. STANDARDS ISSUES 1. ETHERNET MIB The IAB concerns about avoiding any possible appearance of conflict between the IETF and a corresponding IEEE committee are being addressed by the Ethernet MIB Working Group. The IAB therefore approved the Ethernet MIB developed by the Working Group to become a Proposed Standard, and it was published as RFC-1284. Cooper [Page 3] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 2. X.500 USER-FRIENDLY NAMING The IESG recommended to the IAB that the Internet Draft "Using the OSI Directory to achieve User Friendly Naming" be published as a Proposed Standard. Subsequent discussion of several issues with the Working Group chair, Steve Hardcastle-Kille, led to an agreement to divide the original memo into two sections: (1) A definition of an external representation for potentially unambiguous names intended for publication a Proposed Standard. (2) A description of the User-Friendly-Naming algorithm proper, intended for publication as an Experimental RFC. The original memo has been withdrawn, pending these changes by the working group. Bob Braden (braden@isi.edu) INTERNET RESEARCH REPORTS ------------------------- AUTONOMOUS NETWORKS ------------------- I initiated some ANRG "reorganization and regrouping" this month. So instead of a report of work and meetings completed, I will describe plans for the coming months. The planned focus of this years ANRG discussions are not too different from those that we have addressed in the past. But I would like to try to pursue some of the topics with a bit more focus and possibly spawn subgroups of people who will go off and really develop ideas in the particular areas. 1. I already formed a "Unified Routing" subgroup/working-group which I will co-chair with Yakov Rekhter (IBM). The focus is to flesh out our proposed architecture for inter-domain routing that combines and unifies the benefits of hop-by-hop and source-demand routing for future, very large AND diverse (e.g., multiple TOS and policy) internets. The topic is specialized enough that I thought it would be more productive to spin it off from other ANRG meetings and discussions and participants. Cooper [Page 4] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 2. Charging models and how they interact with resource management models, setup protocols, and routing. I expect this activity to involve collaboration with some of our E2E colleagues. 3. End-to-end folks have been talking about the resource control protocol (setup-like) that will be needed to work in concert with their resource management model and mechanisms in the switches. There is alot of interaction between this protocol and both routing and charging. Moreover, this is certainly an inter-domain protocol whose design must take into account autonomy, heterogeneity, etc. The real-time applications discussed are of (most ) interest in a large scale, wide area, inter-domain context... Again, I would like to work with some of the E2E folks and put more emphasis on these latter issues. I don't plan to make inter-domain multicast a separate item because it really has to be part of any inter-domain routing protocol and has to be a graceful extension of intra-domain which Deering et. al. have well covered. On the other hand, we should talk about scaling issues for multicast in the context of the abovementioned resource control protocol for real-time applications (which are often multicast) and the abovementioned inter-domain routing... 4. Simulation techniques for very large scale networks. There is a critical need for researchers, architects, engineers and network operations (configuration people) to be able to simulate large networks. This is an appropriate topic for ANRG because all of the problems we address and mechanisms we propose are intended to work in large heterogeneous networks. These are very difficult to characterize using analytical models alone and at the same time it is usually not feasible to actually run real experiments on the scale of the target system. Deborah Estrin (Estrin@USC.EDU) END-TO-END SERVICES ------------------- No progress to report this month. Bob Braden (Braden@ISI.EDU) Cooper [Page 5] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 PRIVACY AND SECURITY -------------------- The Privacy and Security Research Group (PSRG) met at ISI on January 21-23. In a precedent setting move, the agenda did not include PEM as a topic, nor was PEM discussed during the course of the three-day meeting. Instead the engaged in discussion of a number of topics, described below. John Linn provided a status report on the IETF CAT WG, which he chairs. Included was a discussion of the preliminary work on a authentication/key distribution mechanism that would unify DAS & Kerberos mechanisms to the greatest extent possible. Russ Housley lead a discussion of security labelling issues, based on an earlier paper he has prepared. As a result of the discussion, Russ plans to revise and reissue the paper. Russ Housley also provided a status report on the IEEE 802.10 committee work, for which he recently served as co-chair. Of special interest to the PSRG is ongoing work to develop key management protocols undertaken by the IEEE committee. Other ANSI/ISO groups have suggested that the output of this committee may be utilized for key distribution by security protocols at other (higher) layers, e.g., layer 3 & 4. It was agreed that the key management protocol developed in the course of the SDNS program (KMP) did not suffice as it does not provide sufficient algorithm independence, although it does provide a good starting point. Russ also provided a discussion of the problems he envisions if the Internet community were to adopt TLSP, the transport layer security protocol which is now a draft international standard. The difficulty here is how to specify which transport layer protocol is being protected by TLSP. (TLSP provides no explicit field in which to convey this information, because OSI addressing conventions obviate the need for such a field, and the protocol field at the IP layer would contain an indication of "TLSP".) Several alternatives were discussed in detail, and the most likely outcome appears to be the definition of a convergence protocol for use when transporting TLSP over IP. It was observed that, from a pragmatic standpoint, promulgation of TLSP may be hampered by the fact that transport layer protocols are often embedded within operating systems and thus application developers could not exploit a transport layer security protocol until such time as operating systems are modified to incorporate the protocol. Cooper [Page 6] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 Steve Kent reviewed the work of the security group from the IAB workshop on the future of the Internet, which took place earlier in January. This presentation initiated a discussion on completing action items from the workshop, with emphasis on development of guidelines for Internet protocols which provide security services. In turn this led to a discussion of goals for an Internet security architecture. Cliff Neumann initiated a presentation on his work with regard to authentication and authorization, but due to time limitations this discussion was not completed. The topic will be near the top of the agenda for the next meeting. The next PSRG meeting will take place at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, on April 29 - May 1. Steve Kent RESOURCE DISCOVERY AND DIRECTORY SERVICE ---------------------------------------- No progress this month. Mike Schwartz, (schwartz@cs.colorado.edu) INTERNET ENGINEERING REPORTS ---------------------------- 1. The IESG received four requests to approve the publication of the following Internet Drafts: A. "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)" and "Representation of Non-ASCII Text in Internet Message Headers" jointly as a Proposed Standard. B. "A File Format for the Exchange of Images in the Internet" as a Proposed Standard. C. "Type of Service in the Internet Protocol Suite" as a Proposed Standard. D. "IP Forwarding Table MIB" as a Proposed Standard. Last call notifications were sent to the IETF mailing list by the IESG Secretary. This is a new step in the IESG review process which was announced at the Santa Fe IETF meeting in November. Cooper [Page 7] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 2. The next IETF meeting will be held at the Hyatt Islandia in San Diego from March 16-20, 1992. The Sunday night reception will begin at 6:30 on March 15th. The most recent draft of the meeting agenda and schedule was mailed to the IETF mailing list at the end of the month. For copies of this information, or for any other question about the upcoming meeting, please mail your request to ietf-rsvp@nri.reston.va.us. 3. The following Working Groups were created during the month of January: IP over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (atm) RIP Version II (ripv2) DS1/DS3 MIB (trunkmib) MHS-DS (mhsds) 4. There were 21 Internet Draft Actions during the month of January 1992. (Revised draft (o), New Draft (+) ) WG I-D Title ------ ------------------------------------------------------- (charmib) o Definitions of Managed Objects for Parallel-printer- like Hardware Devices (charmib) o Definitions of Managed Objects for Character Stream Devices (charmib) o Definitions of Managed Objects for RS-232-like Hardware Devices (osids) o Using the OSI Directory to Achieve User Friendly Naming (osids) o Naming Guidelines for Directory Pilots (osids) o DSA Naming (snmpsec) o SNMP Administrative Model (snmpsec) o Definitions of Managed Objects for Administration of SNMP Parties (snmpsec) o SNMP Security Protocols Cooper [Page 8] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 (822ext) o MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions): Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies (822ext) o A User Agent Configuration Mechanism For Multimedia Mail Format Information (822ext) o Character Mnemonics and Character Sets (rreq) o Type of Service in the Internet Protocol Suite (netfax) o A File Format for the Exchange of Images in the Internet (bgp) o BGP OSPF Interaction (disi) o An Executive Introduction to Directory Services Using the X.500 Protocol (none) + Link Control Protocol (none) + IP and ARP on HIPPI (none) + A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams Over SNA Networks Using LU6.2 Conversations (none) + Identity Server (osids) + A String Representation of Distinguished Names 5. Five RFC's based on IETF WG activity were produced during the month of January, 1992 (Standard (S), Proposed Standard (PS), Draft Standard (DS), Experimental (E), Informational (I) ) RFC Status WG Title ------- -- -------- ---------------------------------------------- RFC1285 PS (fddimib) FDDI Management Information Base RFC1292 I (disi) A Catalog of Available X.500 Implementations RFC1293 PS (iplpdn) Inverse Address Resolution Protocol RFC1294 PS (iplpdn) Multiprotocol Interconnect over Frame Relay RFC1297 I (ucp) NOC Internal Integrated Trouble Ticket System Functional Specification Wishlist Standards( 3), Experimental( 0), Informational( 2) Steve Coya Cooper [Page 9] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 INTERNET PROJECTS ----------------- BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC. ---------------------------- Terrestrial Wideband Network (TWBNet) During December, we completed the upgrade of the TWBNet backbone nodes with intelligent I/O interfaces (BI4s) for the trunk connections and a new software release. As of the end of January, the network has been stable for over a month. As a result of the upgrade, the end-to-end delay of the network has been reduced by about 50%, and the per node forwarding delay has been cut by more than 67%. In addition, the new system provides better bandwidth utilization, finer-grain allocation of stream capacity, and increased tolerance to trunk line noise and errors. Inter Domain Policy Routing Working with SAIC to complete the "gated" version of IDPR continues to be our highest priority task. We continued our implementation and testing work on the IDPR configuration database software for 'gated' through January. This work is very close to being completed and should be finished by the middle of February. Once there exists a "gated" implementation of IDPR that is available to anyone with a UNIX system, we can begin to experiment with IDPR in the "real" Internet. We are in the midst of trying to line up participants for IDPR experiments within the Internet. Interested participants should contact Martha Steenstrup at msteenstrup@bbn.com. ST Conferencing During January, a total of 9 video conferences, 2 demonstrations, and 2 SIMNET exercises were conducted. Three of the conferences were three-site conferences, and the rest included only two sites. Sponsored events included ALSP meetings and demonstrations for Major Strassman. Two conferences with UCL (an OMG meeting and a PSG meeting) could not be conducted due to packet loss and delay on the US/UK fatpipe. Current investigation indicates that the traffic being presented to the SURA T/20 intermittently exceeds the capacity of the 384 kbps fatpipe. BBN developers are currently investigating this problem and possible solutions. Cooper [Page 10] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 During January, we replaced the butterfly gateways at AMES, ISI, DARPA, and LANL with T/20 gateways. Due to line testing delays, Ft. Leavenworth is scheduled for installation as a T/20-based conferencing site in early February. UCL will also be done in February. LANL is currently unable to conference with sites that still use butterfly gateways (BBN, UCL, RADC, hublet). Conferencing at the other sites is operational, except at AMES, where there is currently no active conferencing suite. Jil Westcott CERFNET ------- Over the next few months several sites will be added to CERFnet. DIAL n' CERF continues to be a popular alternative for companies and individuals with lower start-up needs. Since its installation, in 1990, DIAL n' CERF has greatly increased the number and types of sites accessing CERFnet and the Internet. Local Installations Sites scheduled to be installed in February and March are GTE Federal Systems, Network General, City of Hope, Colorsystem Technology, Digital Sound, Mark V Systems, Peregrine Systems, and Pt. Loma Nazarene College. International Installations The CICESE Institute located in Ensenada, Mexico came online January 20. The institute has a 56 kbps satellite link to the San Diego Supercomputer Center. In the final stages of planning is a link to The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). UFRJ is expected to be online in the second quarter of 1992. The connection between CERFnet and UFRJ is intended to provide, among other things, Internet access to a regional network of research institutions located within the state of Rio de Janiero. Other News In January, CERFnet exhibited at the UniForum tradeshow at the Moscone Center in San Francisco, California. Cooper [Page 11] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 Pushpendra Mohta represented CERFnet at the recent Advanced Topics Seminar at MERIT. The seminar was held in Ann Arbor, Michigan January 22-24. CERFnet will host the seminar, Hands-on Introduction to the Internet, instructed by Dr. Jack Pope, on March 4, 1992. For more information contact Barbara Massey by sending e-mail to masseyb@cerf.net. by Carlos Robles CONCERT ------- The CONCERT staff held an Introductory TCP/IP tutorial for representatives from several of the smaller North Carolina Universities and Colleges which will soon be connecting to the CONCERT network. This is one in a series of tutorials being presented by the CONCERT staff to assist the schools in setting up their local networks and connecting to the CONCERT network and the Internet. CONCERT Network is offering an Internet Gopher as an aid to the new NC Universities and Colleges connecting to the Internet. The gopher, running on gopher.concert.net allows easy access to CONCERT related documents and software, new-user information, and other Gopher servers. Jack Drescher of CONCERT will co-chair a new IETF Working Group with Ari Ollikainen of Lawrence Livermore Labs on "Teleconference Architecture". Lees-McRae College was connected this month as the newest member of the CONCERT network. by Tom Sandoski CSUNET (THE CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY NETWORK) ----------------------------------------------- The California State University network installed new software to protect its CAP ports which allow dial-up access to the CSUnet member and Internet resources. With the new user interface, users without a password using the TELNET gateway can no longer gain access to non-CSUnet member hosts. This will help close up a security "hole". Mike Marcinkevicz (mike_marcinkevicz@qmbridge.CalState.EDU) Cooper [Page 12] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 ISI --- GIGABIT NETWORKING Work on ATOMIC network included numerous discussions with Caltech on hardware issues relating to the MOSAIC chips. Have determined the likely direction to be taken for the host interface if one were to be designed for ATOMIC. We wish to assure that the Memoryless MOSAIC addresses a large portion of host memory. This allows packets to be copied directly from the network channel into kernel packet buffers, eliminating any device<===>kernel copying. This would be accomplished via mapping the high 64k of MOSAIC memory into host memory via 16-bit address extension mapping registers. Held separate discussions concerning ATOMIC with representatives from Honeywell Research and Hughes. We continue to look for a commercial partner who can supply us with fiber-optic transmission capability for ATOMIC at a reasonable price per interface. Designed integration of IP/SQ into DARTNET SPARC routers. Have begun implementation of same in preparation of testing IP/SQ in DARTNET under realistic conditions. IP/SQ SPARC host algorithm implementation seems to be working at this point. Greg Finn (finn@ISI.EDU) INFRASTRUCTURE Joyce Reynolds attended the RIPE meetings in Amsterdam, Jan 16 - 23, and presented a paper on, "User Services Planning in the Internet". Jon Postel attended the IAB meetings in Boston, Massachusetts, January 6-10, 1992. Six RFCs were published this month. RFC 1292: Lang, R., (SRI) R. Wright (LBL), "A Catalog of Avaliable X.500 Implementations", January 1992. RFC 1293: Bradley, T., and C. Brown, "Inverse Address Resolution Protocol", Wellfleet Communications, Inc., January 1992. RFC 1294: Bradley, T., and C. Brown, (Wellfleet Communications, Inc.,) and A. Malis, "Multiprotocol Interconnect Over Frame Relay", January 1992. Cooper [Page 13] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 RFC 1995: The North American Directory Forum, "User Bill of Rights for Entries and Listings in the Public Directory", January 1992. RFC 1996: Lottor, M., "Internet Growth (1981-1991)", SRI International, January 1992. RFC 1997: Johnson, D., "NOC Internal Integrated Trouble Ticket System Functional Specification Wishlist ("NOC TT Requirements")", Merit Network. Inc., January 1992. Ann Westine Cooper (Cooper@ISI.EDU) MULTIMEDIA CONFERENCING A significant packet video milestone was achieved on DARTnet this month. Four sites (BBN, ISI, MIT, PARC) communicated by packet video for the first time in an experimenters' teleconference, and were joined by four others (MITRE, SRI, UDel, UMass) using only packet audio. UDel has since brought up packet video as well, and LBL and MITRE will follow. All sites used Concept codecs. MIT used the 386 PC platform they developed; the other sites used SPARCstations and the Packet Video Program (PVP) developed by ISI. PVP has been augmented to operate in a new mode using UDP and IP multicasting in addition to the existing ST-II protocol mode. PVP has also been modified to use a video header format compatible with the MIT implementation. At PARC, the new version of the Concept codec was interfaced to the SPARC using the raw-byte-sync mode added to the hsis driver last month by ISI. At ISI and BBN, old versions of the Concept codec were made to interoperate with new versions through additional code in PVP. The document, "The Connection Control Protocol: Architecture Overview" was completed this month. It describes the model within which the CCP was framed and the motivation for this approach to multiple user, multiple media session orchestration. The file can be retrieved electronically via anonymous FTP from venera.isi.edu. It is located in the pub directory as mmc-ccp-arch.ps along with other mmc-* documents (see mmc-README.txt for further details). Cooper [Page 14] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 Steve Casner presented a talk on High-Definition Image Transfer Over Packet Networks at the DARPA HD Display Technology Information Exchange Conference. Steve Casner, Eve Schooler (casner@ISI.EDU, schooler@ISI.EDU) JVNCNET ------- I. General information A. How to reach us: 1-800-35-TIGER (from anywhere in the United States) by e-mail NOC: noc@jvnc.net Service desk: service@jvnc.net by mail: U.S. mail address: Princeton University B6 von Neumann Hall Princeton, NJ 08544 (Director: Sergio Heker) B. Hours NOC: 24 hours/day, seven days a week Service desk: 9:00 to 5:00 pm, M - F (except holidays) C. Other info available on-line from NICOL Telnet to nicol.jvnc.netS. Login ID is nicol and no password. II. New Information A. RFCs on-line To obtain RFCs from the official JvNCnet repository (two methods) ftp nicol.jvnc.net; username: nicol; password: RFC automailer Send email to sendrfc@jvnc.net. Subject line is RFCxxxx. xxxx represents the RFC number. RFCs with three digits only need three digits in the request. Cooper [Page 15] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 B. Operational information JvNCnet availability for November 1991 and December 1991 are 99.92% and 99.76%, respectively. C. New on-line members (fully operational December 1991) Monmouth County College, West Long Branch, NJ New York Hospital, New York, NY Ramapo College of New Jersey, Mahwah, NJ Advanced Media Laboratory of Samsung Electronics, Lawrenceville, NJ Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ United Nations Development Program, New York, NY William Paterson College, Wayne, NJ St. Peters College, Jersey City, NJ Bryant College, Smithfield, RI Taiwan Ministry of Education, Republic of Taiwan D. JvNCnet Internet Network Applications Symposium More than 180 people from the academic, business, research, educational, and library communities attended the seminar on January 24, 1992 at Princeton University to learn about the Internet and its on-line spectrum of info-bases, resources and applications. Attendees began to understand, through a variety of clear and concise presentations and "live" demonstrations, that a wide-assortment of expertise is available through electronic communication and how this "on-line" teamwork plays a key role in speeding problem-solving, increasing productivity and caliber of performance of personnel at all levels. They also began to recognize that Internet communication and knowledge-base usage becomes integrated into the daily operations of a business person, researcher, scientist, librarian, or teacher. Specialized electronic databases, library card catalogs, interactive servers such as Archie or WAIS (for locating public domain software or general information, respectively, were described. Examples of high performance computing resources also received focus. The group also saw the searchable text qualities during demonstrations of the Dow Jones News Retrieval (JvNCnet-accessible, February 1992) and LEXIS/NEXIS resources. Student's learning (communication, thinking, and subject skills) at the K-12 level appears to receive substantial enhancement through networking Cooper [Page 16] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 activities. The value of and how K-12/networking may benefit children were discussed. The seminar tried to address a variety of interests and professional fields. For more information on the Symposium Program, send email to "symposium@jvnc.net" or call 1-800-35-TIGER. by Rochelle Hammer (hammer@jvnc.net) LOS NETTOS ---------- A couple of outages caused major rerouting. This caused one router to carry all of the Los Nettos traffic and further caused the router to choke. This has made it clear that our AGS/2's need upgrading to AGS/3's or AGS+'s. Our upgrade order is in progress. PacBell restored the T1 link from Caltech to JPL to the normal facilities. This link had been on a patch for several months. Walt Prue (Prue@ISI.EDU) MITRE Corporation ----------------- Allison Mankin attended the DARTnet Workshop and the CNRI Gigabit Workshop. She and Maryann Perez have recently produced visualizations of the cumulative delay of bursts across a simulated ATM network. Work has begun on an analysis of OSI packet filtering. Because of the added protocol layers, not all decision information is contained in each CLNP packet, making filtering more difficult than for IP. A white paper will be written during February and circulated for comments. Walt Lazear, (lazear@gateway.mitre.org) NEARNET ------- NEARnet has grown to 118 members. John Curran participated in the Electronic Networking and Publishing Conference in New York. NEARnet's connectivity to the NSFNET was recently improved by the installation of a second T1 connection. This connection will Cooper [Page 17] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 provide a diverse route for traffic and should improve NEARnet's NSFNET availability. The January 1992 issue of the electronic bulletin "NEARnet This Month" has been distributed. Past issues of the bulletin are available via anonymous FTP at nic.near.net, in the directory /newsletters/nearnet_this_month. by John Rugo NNSC, UCAR/BOLT BERANEK and NEWMAN, INC. ---------------------------------------- Online information at the NNSC is available by anonymous FTP and also through the NNSC Info-Server, which sends files by electronic mail. We are in the process of revising the complete collection. Documents are stored in Unix "paths", e.g., "directory"/"filename". Each directory has an index file, with the filename index- directory. path: "directory"/index-"directory". There is one help file, with identical copies in each directory. path: "directory"/help To get files by anonymous ftp, give the following set of commands: ftp nnsc.nsf.net login: anonymous password: guest cd "directory" get "filename" To order files from the Info-Server, send a message to info@nnsc.nsf.net with the following text in the body of the message: Request: "directory" Topic: "filename" New or revised documents in the NNSC collection are: nsfnet/referral-list: The NNSC Network Provider Referral List, revised. If you have changes, please send them to "nnsc-staff@nnsc.nsf.net". nsfnet/sites: The Site List from the NSF Network Newsletter Map, revised. Cooper [Page 18] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 isoc/index-isoc: The Internet Society (ISOC). The NNSC has begun a collection of official ISOC documents. rfc/rfc1290.txt: The newest For-Your-Information report, FYI 10, a.k.a. RFC 1290, by J. Martin, "There's Gold in them thar Networks!". The NNSC online information collection now has ten directories, each of which corresponds to a Request: category in the Info- Server. calendar Events of Interest to the Internet Community iesg IETF Steering Group ietf Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) info About the info-server internet-drafts Documents Proposed to Be RFCs isoc Internet Society (ISOC) nsfnet Documents about the NSFNET, prepared by the NNSC phonebook On-line version of the Internet Manager's Phonebook resource-guide NNSC's Own Guide to Internet Treasures rfc Official documents of the Internet Activities Board The NNSC Staff distributed several extra copies of the Internet Manager's Phonebook to each of the NSFNET regional mid-level networks. The NNSC Staff is also working with GSI and various network service providers to help improve interaction at the DDN NIC. Charlotte Mooers NORTHWESTNET ------------ In January NorthWestNet Executive Director Eric Hood was elected president of the Federation of American Research Networks (FARNET). Hood has been NorthWestNet's representative to FARNET since 1989 and has served on its Board of Directors since 1991. FARNET is a non-profit organization whose mission is "to advance the use of computer networks to improve research and education." Its members include networks such as ANS, MERIT, CERFnet, PSINet, CICnet and NYSERnet. NorthWestNet has released a 300-page guide to the Internet, covering resources such as electronic mail, file transfer, remote Cooper [Page 19] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 login, discussion groups, online library catalogues, and supercomputer access. The NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide is written both as a how-to tutorial for the Internet beginner and as a reference manual for the more experienced user. Copies may be purchased from NorthWestNet. NorthWestNet 15400 SE 30th Place, Suite 202 Phone: (206) 562-3000 Bellevue, WA 98007 Fax: (206) 562-4822 Dr. Eric S. Hood, Executive Director Dan L. Jordt, Director of Technical Services Schele Gislason, Administrative Assistant by Schele Gislason NSFNET/ANSNET BACKBONE ENGINEERING ---------------------------------- Summary ======= The T3 network continued to perform reliably during the month of January. New routing and system software was installed for improved performance and reliability. A 3rd (primary) and 4th (backup) T1/T3 interconnect gateway was installed for redundancy and load balancing. Additional traffic migration to the T3 network is scheduled to continue during February. The total inbound packet count for the T1 network was 11,104,573,692, up 14.7% from December. 445,365,908 of these packets entered from the T3 network. The total inbound packet count for the T3 network was 1,875,530,652, down 15.1% from December. 377,968,661 of these packets entered from the T1 network. The combined total inbound packet count for the T1 and T3 networks (less cross network traffic) was 12,156,769,775, up 11.9% from December. T3 backbone traffic represented about 15% of total traffic. The T1 backbone has continued to show signs of congestion, with symptoms that include periodic PSP crashes and, at one NSS, a recurring disconnect problem between the RCP and a PSP. In addition, short duration T1 circuit outages have reduced the stability of the T1 network. The plan to test and deploy the new RS/960 T3 technology for Phase III of the T3 backbone is now underway. Detailed plans for testing and deployment of the RS/960 DS3 interfaces, new DSU cards, and c- Cooper [Page 20] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 bit parity support on the DS3 circuits are in progress. Deployment of this hardware on the T3 Research Network is expected in mid- February, with the production network deployment to be completed by early summer. T3 Network Status ================= New T3 Network System Software Release Near Fully Deployed A new software build, 3.0.64, is now installed on all but three T3 ENSS nodes. This build includes several performance enhancements to the T3 and ethernet drivers and microcode for improved buffering and reduced forwarding overhead. There is a fix to an Ethernet interface freeze problem; a new link level CRC-32; new net-to-net traffic matrix data collection using a sampling technique. These changes are required for further stable migration of traffic from the T1 network to the T3 network. T3 Routing Software Enhanced The new rcp_routed program significantly improves the efficiency of distributing or aggregating routing information via internal BGP. This also results in decreased convergence time and reduced CPU consumption. Also redundant route table entries are eliminated to allow larger routing tables over time. This code also supports a bug fix for a problem that caused BGP keepalive packets from being sent under certain conditions. Also, a problem involving an occasional loss of IS-IS adjacency was fixed. An AIX kernel timer system bug caused an interesting interaction between the Network Time Protocol daemon and the rcp_routed program. Optimizations were added to the new rcp_routed, which caused it to run faster and bring up its routes earlier in the boot cycle. Due to the AIX kernel bug, the NTP daemon would start up and have to adjust the system clock by a number of hours. This would confuse the timestamping code in the BGP protocol, which caused rcp_routed to crash immediately following a reboot. A subsequent manual restart of the rcp_routed program would be successful. A workaround to this problem is being tested for deployment this week. T1 Network Update ================= T1 Network NSS Software Problems Due to Congestion The increased level of traffic due to existing network growth on Cooper [Page 21] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 the T1 network has resulted in some continued congestion. There have been several PSP crashes due to a bug in the virtual memory system in the RT unix kernel. Congestion is frequently observed on NSS 10 (Ithaca), where PSP-10-16 will periodically lose connectivity with the RCP. We are scheduling software upgrades to alleviate some of these problems in parallel with the activities to support moving this traffic from the T1 to the T3 network. T1 Network Intermittent Connectivity Problems A recurring intermittent connectivity problem has been observed across a number of T1 backbone links. Router logs and some custom reports generated by the routers have recorded very short duration circuit outages observed as evidenced by the CSU's transition of the Data Carrier Detect (DCD) line. These events are known to several midlevel network operators as "DCD waffles". While an SNMP proxy agent is supported on the T3 network that collects CSU/DSU data for all T3 and low speed circuits, we do not have the same in-band access to CSU/DSU data on the T1 network. These intermittent DCD waffle events are difficult to correlate with other out-of-band T1 circuit performance measurements. The side effects from DCD transitions vary, and may range from a 1-3 second pause in data transmission over a circuit to a 2-3 minute event during which the system routing will transition and require routing convergence to re-establish the availability of a link. The problem is more noticeable at those sites that are connected to the T1 network via split E-PSP nodes, where a single T1 circuit is used to connect a split E-PSP router to the remote NSS. Diagnosis and resolution of this problem has progressed through the 1) coordination with MCI to improve T1 network circuit monitoring and problem resolution, 2) coordination with IBM to analyze and improve the RT router response to short duration DCD transitions, and 3) design of experiments on the T1 Research Network and coordination with regionals to schedule downtime for extended testing. We have identified specific actions in each case that are helping to eliminate this problem. T1 Network ICMP Network Unreachable Messages Due to the increase in routing transitions that occur on the T1 system, several peer networks have reported excessive ICMP network unreachable messages being generated by the T1 network that are causing host software problems. As a result we have implemented a change similar to what has already been installed on the T3 system. This is an option where we do not generate ICMP network unreachable messages across any internal network interfaces that participate in IS-IS IGP routing exchanges (e.g. internal token ring & T1 serial). Cooper [Page 22] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 The E-PSP ethernet interfaces will continue to generate ICMP network unreachable messages that are sent external to the T1 system. T1 Network SNMP Monitoring Problems Another congestion related symptom is the periodic loss of SNMP queries made to T1 backbone nodes. The circuit problems described above combined with low level packet loss due to congestion result in occasional loss of SNMP queries and responses between the PSP and RCP nodes. These queries are not retransmitted by UDP. We are working to resolve this problem by reducing the circuit problems and better managing the congestion. T1/T3 Interconnect Routing Changes Implemented ============================================== The routing architecture described in the 12/91 report has been implemented, with routing advertisements of T3 routes split between the two T1/T3 interconnect gateways located at Ann Arbor and Houston. All routes are advertised by both interconnects to nodes on the T3 backbone. The two interconnects back each other up so that all traffic will be supported by one if the other is down. The San Diego interconnect gateway acts as a "cold" or manually switchable backup for the Ann Arbor gateway, and a newly installed interconnect gateway at Princeton acts as a cold backup for the Houston interconnect. Two more T1/T3 interconnect gateways, a primary at Boulder and a secondary at Washington, are being scheduled for installation next. This will allow load sharing across three primary T1/T3 interconnect points with backup gateways for each primary interconnect. T1 to T3 Traffic Migration Plan =============================== The next set of Autonomous Systems slated for cutover to T3 include the Sesquinet and SURAnet regionals. This cutover is contingent upon the full deployment of the latest T3 system software build to all nodes on the T3 backbone, which is scheduled for later this week. The next traffic cutover is now tentatively scheduled for February 8. Other regional networks that may follow these cutovers include: San Diego, JVNCNet, UIUC, Midnet, Westnet-E, and CICNet. Our plan is to migrate the traffic slowly with an emphasis on maintaining reliability. Cooper [Page 23] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 Phase III T3 Network RS/960 T3 Adapter Upgrade ============================================== System testing of the Phase III T3 network technology is underway, and plans for Research Network testing and production network deployment are well along. DS3 circuit C-bit parity testing has been performed on the Research Network, and the few problems that showed up are now being addressed. The RS/960-DS3 interfaces for the RS/6000 routers have been manufactured and will very shortly be deployed on the Research Network. This includes installation of new DSU adapters for the HSSI interface between the router and DSU, as well as the C-bit parity implementation and reporting capability. Test plans that have been generated include the unit testing of all IP routing and forwarding for system<->card, and card<->card transfers, system testing in a testbed configuration of the various permutations of CNSS/ENSS configurations, and finally network system level testing on the Research Network. The final system testing will incorporate problem resolution and installation procedures, end-to-end performance testing, and routing tests including link-state transition/convergence tests, internal & external BGP peer session scaling and management, and T1/T3 interconnect gateway transitions. A detailed plan for deployment of the new T3 technology at each POP-based CNSS and ENSS site is being finalized. This plan calls for installing the new cards and DSUs on all CNSS routers at a POP, and those ENSS routers served by that POP, over a 8-10 hour time period during a weekend window (23:00 Friday evening-23:00 Sunday evening). The procedure involves two separate interruptions of T3 connectivity. The T1 network will be configured for regional backup use where convenient during the 8-10 hour transition period, and the safety net circuits will be used for redundant routing to avoid flash cuts wherever possible. The deployment will begin in the Northwest and migrate east. Once started, it is expected to last for two months. The training of multiple deployment teams involving IBM, Merit, ANS, and MCI personnel has started and will continue with practice deployments that are scheduled on the Research Network which follow the same procedures that will be performed on the production network. Jordan Becker (becker@ans.net) Mark Knopper (mak@merit.edu) Advanced Network & Services Inc. Merit Network, Inc. Cooper [Page 24] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 NSFNET/INFORMATION SERVICES --------------------------- The number of networks configured for announcement on the NSFNET backbones increased during the month of January, as did the overall traffic. The total connected nets now number 4,526, with 1,496 networks of this total representing foreign sites and 1,160 networks also configured for announcement on the T3 backbone. Backbone routing and the status of the T3 network were among several topics discussed at the NSFNET Advanced Topics Seminar sponsored by Merit Network, Inc. and held in Ann Arbor, MI January 23 and 24. Richard Binder of CNRI opened the session with "The National Gigabit Testbeds: A Prelude to the Future." High Speed Switching was discussed by Kahlid Ahmad of Bell-Northern Research. Dave Piscitello of Bellcore addressed SMDS and SMDS Network Management, while Tony Hain of ESnet gave an overview of Fast- Packet, an SMDS WAN implementation plan for ESnet. The evolution and current specifications for Border Gateway Protocol version 3 were topics for Dennis Ferguson of CA*net, and Peter Ford of the Los Alamos National Laboratory spoke on NREN engineering. Mathi Packiam of IBM discussed future T3 enhancements on performance. Several members of the Merit Internet Engineering staff participated in presentations, including Jessica Yu with a discussion of backbone routing, Mark Knopper with the summary and overview of T3, and Sue Hares on OSI/IDRP. Elise Gerich of Internet Engineering was the Merit representative to RIPE in Amsterdam, January 19-23. Gerich also participated in the FEPG and EOWG meetings of the Federal Networking Council in Washington, D.C. Susan Hares, of Internet Engineering, attended the ANSI S3X3.3 meeting. Gerich, Hares and Yu are Merit's members to the Routing and Addressing Working Group (ROAD) sponsored by CNRI. Attendees of the January JVNCnet conference were "Navigating the Internet" with Pat Smith of Merit/NSFNET Information Services as she discussed the varied resources available to network users. The NSFNET Executive Committee met in Ann Arbor on January 27th, and the Partners convened on the 28th. Guests at the Merit Network Operations Center included a delegation of Japanese researchers interested in high-speed networking and NSFNET endeavors in this arena. "Making Your NSFNET Connection Count," sponsored by Merit Network, Inc. and hosted by NevadaNet in Las Vegas, Nevada will be held June 1 and 2. This is a change from earlier announced dates. This seminar is an opportunity to learn how national and regional networks are an integral part of the revolution in computer Cooper [Page 25] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 networking as they are used to enrich academic resources, enhance teaching and expand library collections. The proceedings will be held in a newly built facility on the campus of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. This specially designed facility provides state-of-the-art audio/visual equipment and support services. Microcomputers connected through NevadaNet to NSFNET will be provided on-site in a demonstration room. Resource people and program speakers will be available to help attendees access remote facilities. Donna Cox, NCSA; Art St. George, University of New Mexico; Tom Grundner, National Public Telecomputing Network; George Brett, MCNC; Ann Okerson, ARL; Linda Delzite, NPTN; and Phil Gross, ANS, are among the scheduled speakers. Requests for details and the seminar agenda may be made to seminar@merit.edu or 1-800-66- MERIT. Jo Ann Ward (jaw@merit.edu) PREPNET ------- PREPnet had four new members in January. Immaculata College will use a dial-up 9.6Kbps connection to the terminal server in Philadelphia. PALINET will be connected to the Philadelphia hub via a 56Kbps link. Albright College will be connected to the Allentown hub via a 56Kbps link. Biological Detection Systems has a backdoor connection via Carnegie Mellon. PREPnet NIC (prepnet+@andrew.cmu.edu) SAIC ---- During the month of January, more of the gated parser was completed. It appears that we have finally achieved agreement with BBN on most of the details that were in flux before. A new time_spec format was agreed upon which will be added to the parser shortly. The interface to the IDPR kernel has been redesigned as well as the internal data structures. Most of the tables have been replaced with radix trees. Allowing source policy checks for received packets will require some modification to ip_input.c, something we've wanted to avoid. However, the fix should be little more than a single function call from ipintr, so folks who have their own source should be able to adapt easily. The syscall interface has been replaced with an ioctl interface which also reduces the number of stock BSD 4.3 files that must be modified by two. Cooper [Page 26] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 Planned Activities: Integration of the parser and database into gated. This is expected to require a large level of effort, but will lead into integration of the databse with all other modules. VGP should be the first module to actually use the new database. It is scheduled for completion by the end of February. A new version of the MIB will be ready by the end of February that will match recent changes in configuration as well as fix problems in the old MIB. Representation of policies is still an issue that must be resolved. Robert "Woody" Woodburn (woody@sparta.com) SDSC ---- Network analysis project Research efforts are continuing in the development of systematic methodologies for network analysis and performance testing. We completed another collaborative investigation into international traffic characterization between Japanese and other nations. We are now focusing on traffic characterization for data collected at major network interconnection points, as well as the NSFNET backbone network. NREN Engineering project As part of the NREN engineering activities we discussed networking objectives with agency staff during meetings in Washington, DC this month. (17 and 23-24 January 1992). NSF is interested in strengthening the agency interconnection points and we helped investigate the relevant requirements. CASA gigabit project The annual CNRI Gigabit Workshop for all five testbeds was held 13-15 January 1992 at the Torrey Pines Sheraton Grande in La Jolla. Over 200 people attended to share and disucess issues in gigabit networking. Local SDSC & CERFnet will be making local routing changes on 22 Feb to support expanded FDDI and to continue our preparations for full use Cooper [Page 27] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 of the T-3 NSFnet. Misc Paul Love attended a planning session in Washington, DC, for the Feb NSF/FARnet Tempering the Network workshop. by Paul Love SRI ---- SRI's Network Information System Center (NISC) updated the RFC Index in response to each RFC issued in January. There were six RFCs issued in January 1992. The RFC Index contains citations of all RFCs issued to date in reverse numeric order. It's also a quick reference to determine if any RFC has been obsoleted and gives a pointer to the replacement RFC. The RFC Index also supplies the equivalent FYI number, if the RFC was also issued as an FYI document. Paper copies of all RFCs are available from SRI, either individually or on a subscription basis (for more information contact nisc@nisc.sri.com or call 1-415-859-6387). Online copies are available via FTP from ftp.nisc.sri.com as rfc/rfc####.txt or rfc/rfc####.ps (#### is the RFC number without leading zeroes). Additionally, RFCs may be requested through electronic mail from SRI's automated mail server by sending a message to mail- server@nisc.sri.com. In the body of the message, indicate the RFC to be sent, e.g. "send rfcNNNN" where NNNN is the number of the RFC. For PostScript RFCs, specify the extension, e.g. "send rfcNNNN.ps". Multiple requests can be sent in a single message by specifying each request on a separate line. The RFC Index can be requested by typing "send rfc-index". SRI NISC continues work on their "Internet: Getting Started" document. This publication will explain what the Internet is, how to become a part of it, and what to do once you're on. The new guide is expected to be completed in April 1992. The NISC also continued work on an update to the TCP-IP CD-ROM. The update will contain all RFCs issued through Feb. 7, 1992. New information, such as Release 7.0 of the ISODE software, will be included and versions of the document files will be included that Cooper [Page 28] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 will be easily readable on Macs, UNIX and DOS systems. Sue Kirkpatrick (sue@NISC.SRI.COM) UCL ---- Two papers were submitted to SIGCOMM, one on Flow Control and Congestion Control, the other on Policy Routing. Another was submitted to INET on Wide Area Traffic measurements. All are available on request (from z.wang, b.kumar and d.lewis @cs.ucl.ac.uk, respectively). Ian Wakeman attended the End to End Research Group Meeting. Jon Crowcroft attended a meeting in Copenhagen of project partners about to start building a pilot ATM-WAN plus DQDB-MAN testbed network. More later. There was one slightly unsuccesful videoconference between UCL, BBN and DARPA. John Crowcroft (j.crowcroft@CS.UCL.AC.UK) UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE ---------------------- 1. Ken Monington and Erik Perkins got our packet-video stuff going and connected to DARTNET. Platforms based both on the IBM PC and SPARCstation are operating for live conferences with our friends around the country. 2. Work continues on checkout of the NTP Version-3 time daemon implementation for Unix. Bugfixes are being collected for the next round of distribution. 3. The source of the problem that has prevented reliable acquis- tion of WWVB time signals here has been identified, but not yet found. Using mobile communication receivers and equipment kindly provided by Spectracom, the source was found to be an interfering transmission of comparable signal strength and at varying frequency offsets up to a few Hertz from the 60-kHz WWVB signal. The interference is severe up to at least a few miles from campus. We are constructing additional gizmos so a proper foxhunt can be mounted and the culprit fingered. 4. Our LORAN-C timing receiver project has been completed and tested. The receiver works very well and delivers reliable time to within 200 nanoseconds relative to a selected LORAN-C chain. The gizmo cost about $200 and requires an old IBM PC Cooper [Page 29] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 rescued from junk. It operates automatically, unlike an Aus- tron 2200 timing receiver on loan from the Coast Guard, which cost some $20K. 5. The folk at the Coast Guard EECEN, who kindly loaned us our cesium clock, are recalling this exotic creature. We may get it back sometime later this year. Meanwhile, our new LORAN-C gadget may serve the precision ticks until our GPS receiver returns from repair. 6. Dave Mills and Charlie Boncelet attended the Gigbit Jamboree in San Diego. Dave Mills attended the Internet Workshop in Boston and End- End Research Meeting in Palo Alto. Dave Mills (Mills@UDEL.EDU) WISCNET ------- The Milwaukee School of Engineering joined WiscNet; their connection was activated on 17-January-1992. Planning for the April WiscNet conference continues. The conference will follow the meeting of a Wisconsin Library group and focus on Internet services. Michael Dorl dorl@macc.wisc.edu X.400 PROJECT ------------- Overview The Internet X.400 Project at the University of Wisconsin is funded by NSF. We are working on two main areas: supporting the operational use of X.400, and working with others to define organizational procedures necessary to operate X.400 on a large scale in the Internet. To support the use of X.400, we are operating a PRMD, assisting sites in running PP or the Wisconsin Argo X.400 software packages, and running an X.400 Message Transfer Agent (MTA) which is connected to U.S. and international MTAs using RFC1006/TCP/IP. Internet sites are invited to join our PRMD or establish X.400 connections with us. The organizational work is being done jointly by IETF working groups and RARE Working Group 1. For more information on any of our activities, please email x400-project-team@cs.wisc.edu, or /C=us/ADMD= /PRMD=xnren/O=uw-madison/OU=cs/s=x400-project-team/ Cooper [Page 30] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 PP Version 6.0 Installed at Wisconsin PP Version 6.0 was recently released by Julian Onions and Steve Hardcastle-Kille. PP is a publicly available multi-protocol MTA, including X.400(84), X.400(88), and an RFC1148bis X.400 to SMTP gateway. Our project served as a beta site for this release, and we are now running 6.0 on our primary and alternate MTAs. We can assist other sites who are interested in getting PP installed and running. We have made our PP 6.0 configuration tables available via public ftp to offer an example to others. Ftp to mhs-relay.cs.wisc.edu, login as anonymous, password is guest, and look in the pub/pp-6.0.xnren directory. Email to Fax Gateway Service With the installation of PP 6.0, we are now offering an outgoing email to fax gateway service. For a limited time, the fax service is available to all who wish to experiment with the service. The gateway is addressed as: 822: "/fax=/attn=/s=fax-gw/"@calypso.cs.wisc.edu X.400: /FAX=/ATTN=/S=fax-gw/OU=cs/O=uw-madison/ PRMD=xnren/ADMD= /C=us/ (where FAX and ATTN are Domain-Defined Attributes) where is the phone number you wish to send the fax to and is a string you would like to appear on the cover page with the prefix "For the attention of." We encourage you to try using this facility to send faxes anywhere in the US. The phone number for long distance should be 10 digits long, as in 608-262- 1017. If you want to send a fax within the 608 area code, the 608 can be left out. Finally, if you want to send a fax within the University of Wisconsin, only the last 5 digits are necessary. Access to international calls can be arranged. Please contact hagens@cs.wisc.edu for this information. Faxes longer than 10 pages are truncated at 10 pages. SMTP to X.400 Gateway Service Our project operates a gateway which relays between X.400 and SMTP mail (specified in RFC1148bis). Most X.400 addresses can also be expressed as Internet SMTP addresses. In that case, the mail is automatically routed to an appropriate gateway. However, if an Internet user has only the X.400 address of an intended recipient, the mail can be directed to our gateway and relayed for X.400 delivery. This can be done by sending Internet SMTP mail to "x400-address"@mhs-relay.cs.wisc.edu. For example, to send mail to Cooper [Page 31] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 the X.400 address "/C=xx/ADMD= /PRMD=X/O=Y/S=user/", an Internet SMTP user can address "/C=xx/ADMD= /PRMD=x/O=y/S=user/"@mhs-relay.cs.wisc.edu If the X.400 address is part of the Global X.400 Research and Education Service, we will gateway the SMTP message into X.400 and forward it for delivery. Note that this will not work for X.400 recipients in many commercial services because the necessary connections and service agreements are not in place. Testing X.400 over CLNP We are experimenting with a full OSI stack MTA by taking advantage of the emerging CLNS connectivity. These experiments help us understand the complexities of multi-stack X.400 routing as well as provide a source of traffic for the various CLNS pilot projects. We have a vax running BSD 4.4 with CLNS connectivity to our regional network (CICnet). We expect CICnet to complete connectivity to the NSFnet backbone in the very near future. We would like to encourage other sites with pure stack (CLNS) X.400 connectivity to the NSFnet backbone to become testing partners with us. Internet X.400 Symposium Planned If there is sufficient community interest, we are planning to offer a symposium that covers Internet X.400 deployment and RFC 822 gateway issues. The purpose of this symposium is to educate the community about Internet X.400 issues and provide a forum for individuals to meet and interact with others. We intend that the workshop should span 2-3 days and be held at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in late Spring with a nominal cost. We are currently gathering information from potential participants about which topics are of particular interest. Please email hagens@cs.wisc.edu for more information. X.400 Working Group Activities Several groups are working on issues critical to the current and future large-scale use of X.400 in the Internet. The IETF X.400 Operations Working Group and RARE WG1 are discussing the requirements of X.400 Management Domains which want to connect to other global MDs, and the format(s) which should be used to document multi-protocol connectivity and routing. The X.400 Operations WG is co-chaired by Rob Hagens and Alf Hansen. The WG1 chair is Urs Eppenberger. The IETF MHS-DS group was recently formed, and is working to define how X.500 should be used to support effective large scale deployment of X.400. The MHS-DS WG Cooper [Page 32] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 is co-chaired by Kevin Jordan and Harald Alvestrand. The next WG1 meeting is Feb 19-20 in Brussels, Belgium with a COSINE X.400 Managers meeting Feb 20-21. The next IETF meeting is March 16-20 in San Diego, California. Email addresses for these working group leaders are: hagens@cs.wisc.edu /S=Hagens/OU=CS/O=UW-Madison/PRMD=xnren/ADMD= /C=us/ Alf.Hansen@Delab.Sintef.no /G=Alf/S=Hansen/OU=Delab/O=Sintef/PRMD=uninett/ADMD= /C=no/ eppenberger@verw.switch.ch /S=Eppenberger/OU=verw/O=switch/PRMD=SWITCH/ADMD=ARCOM/C=CH/ kej@udev.cdc.com /G=Kevin/S=Jordan/O=CPG/PRMD=CDC/ADMD=ATTmail/C=us/ harald.alvestrand@delab.sintef.no /G=Harald/S=Alvestrand/OU=delab/O=sintef/PRMD=uninett/ADMD= /C=no/ by Allan Cargille cargille@cs.wisc.edu /G=Allan/S=Cargille/OU=CS/O=UW-Madison/PRMD=xnren/ADMD= /C=us/ Allan Cargille Cooper [Page 33] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 DIRECTORY SERVICES ------------------ This section of the Internet Monthly is devoted to efforts working to develop directory services that are for, or effect, the Internet. We would like to encourage any organization with news about directory service activities to use this forum for publishing brief monthly news items. The current reporters list includes: o IETF OSIDS Working Group [included] o IETF DISI Working Group [no] o Field Operational X.500 Project [included] - ISI [included] - Merit [no] - PSI [no] - SRI [no] o National Institute of Standards and Technology [no] o North American Directory Forum [no] o OSI Implementor's Workshop [no] o PARADISE Project [included] o PSI DARPA/NNT X.500 Project [no] o PSI WHITE PAGES PILOT [no] o Registration Authority Committee (ANSI USA RAC) [no] o U.S. Department of State, Study Group D, [included] MHS Management Domain subcommittee (SG-D MHS-MD) Tom Tignor (tpt2@isi.edu) DS Report Coordinator IETF OSIDS WORKING GROUP ------------------------ The OSI-DS WG did not meet in Santa Fe, as it had recently met at Interop. The following WG documents have been progressed as RFCs: RFC 1274: The COSINE and Internet X.500 Schema RFC 1275: Replication Requirements to provide an Internet Directory using X.500 RFC 1276: Replication and Distributed Operations extensions to provide an Internet Directory using X.500 RFC 1277: Encoding Network Addresses to support operation over non-OSI lower layers Cooper [Page 34] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 RFC 1278: A string encoding of Presentation Address RFC 1279: X.500 and Domains There has been extensive electronic discussion on new attributes for the schema. It is hoped that this will resolve soon into a new version of RFC 1274. Christian Huitema suggested an alternate approach to naming organisations to that proposed in OSI-DS 12. There has been an electronic survey of the WG to attempt to progress this issue. A discussion of the relevant points will be in the next version of OSI-DS 12. The European arm of the OSI-DS WG (RARE WG3 Directory Services subgroup) met in Brussels on January 28-29th. Progress was made on three I-Ds, which has lead to new drafts being submitted: OSI-DS 12 (v4) P. Barker S.E. Kille January 1992 Naming Guidelines for Directory Pilots draft-ietf-osids-dirpilots-03.ps Abstract: Deployment of a Directory will benefit from following certain guidelines. This document defines a number of naming guidelines. Alignment to these guidelines is recommended for directory pilots. OSI-DS 23 (v1) osi-ds-23-01.ps osi-ds-23-01.txt A String Representation of Distinguished Names S.E. Hardcastle-Kille January 1992 Abstract: The OSI Directory uses distinguished names as the primary keys to entries in the directory. Distinguished Names are encoded in ASN.1. When a distinguished name is communicated between to users not using a directory protocol (e.g., in a mail message), there is a need to have a user-oriented string representation of distinguished name. Cooper [Page 35] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 OSI-DS 24 (v1) osi-ds-24-01.ps osi-ds-24-01.txt Using the OSI Directory to achieve User Friendly Naming S.E. Hardcastle-Kille January 1992 Abstract: The OSI Directory has user friendly naming as a goal. A simple minded usage of the directory does not achieve this. Two aspects not achieved are: o A user oriented notation o Guessability This proposal sets out some conventions for representing names in a friendly manner, and shows how this can be used to achieve really friendly naming. This then leads to a specification of a standard format for representing names, and to procedures to resolve them. This leads to a specification which allows directory names to be communicated between humans. The format in this specification is identical to that defined in [HK92], and it is intended that these specifications are compatible. Steve Hardcastle-Kille (s.kille@cs.ucl.ac.uk) FOX -- FIELD OPERATIONAL X.500 PROJECT -------------------------------------- The FOX project is a DARPA and NSF sponsored effort to provide a basis for operational X.500 deployment in the NREN/Internet. This work is being carried out at Merit, NSYERNet/PSI, SRI and ISI. ISI is the main contractor and responsible for project oversight. ISI --- ISI's upgraded DSA continues to run without problems. At present, ISI is committing itself only to the publication of the DSAR and preparation for the IETF meeting in San Diego. Readers may notice that the FOX project's nearing the end of its funding is having a detrimental effect on FOX reports. Tom Tignor (tpt2@ISI.EDU) Cooper [Page 36] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 PARADISE -------- In January INDIA joined the global Directory pilot. The Indian Institute in Bombay is mastering c=IN running a QUIPU DSA and registering eight institutes of higher education. PARADISE project representatives gave presentations on the pilot and X.500 issues in AUSTRALIA to AARNet, and in NEW ZEALAND to a group representing government, commercial and academic interests. Similarly a talk was given at Tel-Aviv University to a similarly mixed group in the ISRAEL pilot. Finally, PARADISE was presented to the eighth meeting of the NADF (North America Directory Forum) in Tampa as part of a deputation from the ETSI/EWOS Directory group. Work is being carried out on the development of "dm" (Directory Manager), a line-oriented remote account management tool which aesthetically and funtionally is similar to "de", the PARADISE DUA. "dm" is intended to provide a tool for remote login and management of Directory accounts either on one of the central PARADISE machines in London or on a centrally-managed national DSA - the choice will be made by arrangement between the national DSA manager and PARADISE. This is not a bulk loader, and is primarily intended for SME's (small-to-medium sized enterprises) who would not normally be in a position to run a DSA and manage their own Directory account. Users may be authorised to manage either an organisational node or an organisational unit node. The tool will also eventually be available for use in a purely local environment. Beta test sites are being approached at the moment, and it is hoped to have first trials at the end of February. Sorting out the procedural mechanisms is expected to require some close attention during the piloting phase which it is hoped to complete before the end of April. By arrangement with COSINE, there will be four "reviews" of "de" every quarter, so that suggestions and outstanding bugs can be fixed together with enhancements. The first upgrade is due by the middle of this month. The PTTs (Netherlands, Switzerland and Finland) have almost completed the evaluation of their survey of service providers in Europe, and PARADISE will be able to make an extract of that available by the end of February. David Goodman (d.goodman@cs.ucl.ac.uk) PARADISE Project Manager Cooper [Page 37] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 SG-D MHS-MD ----------- There is some progress to report on the c=US ADMD/PRMD name registration work, but no progress has yet been made on development of "behavioral rules" for ADMD participation in the c=US MTS. We did however reorganize our efforts to hopefully make better progress in the future. A new chair was elected to serve for the next two years: Ella Gardener of The MITRE Corporation is the new Chair. A major portion of the meeting was devoted to preparing for and then joinly meeting with the ANSI USA RAC (Registration Authority Committee). At issue is the question of how to meld the requirements for X.400 MHSMD Name Values with the requirement for X.500 RDN Values so as to share the joint-iso-ccitt { 2 16 840 } name-space arc for c=US. ISO and CCITT have recently decided to establish a new arc under { 2 16 ) for all countries to use for RDN name registrations. The c=US arc in this tree is { 2 16 840 }. The current ANSI rules work well enough to fill the needs for registration of "national standing" names in c=US, while the bulk of the RDN values needed for X.500 are supplied by the existing civil naming authorities in c=US. (See RFC1255 for the NADF Naming Scheme.) ANSI is now registering Organizational Names, along with a related OID Numberform value for a total fee of $2500 per pair ($1000 for the OID value and $1500 for the Alphaform Value). An OID Numberform Value can be obtained separately, but an Alphaform Value must be accompanied by a Numberform Value. A Numberform Value may be obtained first (for $1000), and an Alphaform Value can then be associated with it at some later date (for $1500 additional). It turns out that X.400 MHS MD name registration has a different semantic than X.500 RDN registration, in that an ADMD name registration might carry with it the registration of a commitment to operate according to the ADMD MTS "behavior rules" (which are yet to be written and voluntarily agreed to by the c=US MTS community). No such commitment is implied by the current application for an ANSI Organizational Name Registration. This difference must be accommodated in some way. A suggested way to deal with this situation is to ask ANSI to offer a second MHSMD registration service which "leases" names (without Cooper [Page 38] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 any associated OID) with a periodic renewal fee which embodies the "MHSMD commitment" semantic mentioned above. This would serve to meet two needs of the MHSMD community, which the current ANSI service does not meet. The first is the "commitment issue" and the second is the "entry fee" issue. Many people feel that $2500 is much too much to pay for a PRMD name registration. It is also reconized that PRMD names may be much more transient and volatile than are c=US Organizational names, so that perpetual registration does not entirely make sense for PRMD names. Of course, it is possible that with an annual fee, a PRMD name registration might cost more than an ANSI organizational registration over a long period of years, but the cost of entry is low, and the difference over time should not be significant. Also, some organizations will want to use the same registered name for both, and so we need to work out ways for this to be accomplished. In any case, the two kinds of registered Alphaform name values must be drawn from a single pool of names, preferably seen as populating the { 2 16 840 } joint-iso-ccitt arc. One way to do this is to have a single registration agent to administer both registries, and an agreement that any name registered in one is reserved to the same owner in the other registry, with the meld for both registries regarded as populating the { 2 16 840 } Alphaform Name arc. All this looks like real progress, but we are still not out of the woods with how to deal with the current installed base of ADMD registered PRMD names which has been accumulating over the years without any coordination among ADMD registrars. NOTE: We are not aware at this time of any conflicting assignments, so there may not be any problem with conflicts when we try to bring the whole PRMD name registration process into a single national MHSMD registry. If anyone knows of any PRMD name ownership conflicts, please let us know about them! Where we are currently hung up is on some ADMD proposals to retain the status quo with uncoordinated ADMD registration of PRMD names, with reliance on distinguishing any cases of conflicting PRMD name assignments by qualifying them with their ADMD registrar's names, in the normal way of distinguishing names in hierarchical naming systems. The proposal is to establish a national registry for those who want nationally unique PRMD names for themselves, but retain the ability for any ADMD to also register any name it wishes, subordinate to the registering ADMD's name. Some of us feel that this is just too messy to deal with. Cooper [Page 39] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 The Next meeting of the MHSMD will be held at ANSI on days adjacent to the next ANSI RAC meeting. Another joint meeting session will be held to continue working on ways to meld the two registration operations. (ANSI RAC meeting: Feb 19 (Wed), MHSMD meeting: Feb 20-21 (Thu-Fri). The joint meeting will be held on Feb 20 (Thu). Einar Stefferud (stef@ics.uci.edu) Cooper [Page 40] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 CALENDAR -------- Readers are requested to send in dates of events that are appropriate for this calendar section. 1992 CALENDAR Jan 13-21 ANSI X3T5 Jan 19 T1S1, Call Control and Signaling (ISDN, Frame Relay, Broadband ATM) Jan 20-22 RIPE, Amsterdam Jan 28-30 ANSI X3S3.3, Tucson, AZ Feb 9 T1E1, Physical Layer Interfaces (ISDN, T1, Broadband, etc.) Fish Camp, CA Verilink Feb 19-20 RARE WG1, Location unknown Feb 20-21 RARE Manager Mtg, Location unknown Mar 2 T1S1, Call Control and Signaling (ISDN, Frame Relay, Broadband ATM) Mar 2-6 ANSI X3T5 Mar 2-6 CAIA '92 8th IEEE Conference on AI Application Mar 3-5 ACM CSC, Kansas City, MO Mar 9-13 IEEE802 Plenary, Irvine, CA Mar 9-13 OIW, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD Mar 16-18 Multipeer/Multicast Forum, Orlando, Fl, (mloper@ucf1vm.cc.ucf.edu) Mar 16-19 INDC-92 (Info Networks & Data Communication) Espoo, Helsinki, Finland indc92@cs.helsinki.fi, tienari@cs.helsinki.fi Mar 16-19 Int'l Zurich Seminar on Digital Comm. Zurich, Contact: schlegel@tech.ascom.ch Mar 16-20 IETF, San Diego, CA Megan Davies (mdavies@nri.reston.ca.us) Mar 18-20 Computers, Freedom & Privacy II, Grand Hyatt Hotel, Washington, DC Mar 23 T1M1, Management and Maintenance (ISDN, Broadband, Frame Relay, etc.), Raleigh, NC, Fujitsu Mar 25-27 National Net 92, Washington DC Elizabeth Barnhart (barnhart@educom.edu) Apr 6-16 CCITT SG VII Geneva, Switzerland Apr 21-23 ANSI X3S3.3, Mountaon View, Ca. May 4-6 ANSI X3T5 May 4-8 DECUS '92, Atlanta, GA May 4-8 IEEE INFOCOM'92, See IEEE Pub., Florence, Italy May 11 T1E1, Physical Layer Interfaces (ISDN, T1, Broadband, etc.) Williamsburg, VA, Bell Atlantic Cooper [Page 41] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 May 12-14 Joint Network Conference 3, Innsbruck, Austria (this is the RARE Networkshop - renamed) May 13-15 Third IFIP International Workshop on Protocols for High Speed Networks, Stockholm, Sweden Contact: Per Gunningberg, per@sics.se Bjorn Pehrson, bjorn@sics.se, Stephen Pink, steve@sics.se May 18-25 INTEROP92, Washington, D.C. Dan Lynch (dlynch@interop.com) May 19-29 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 21, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada May 27-29 IFIP WG 6.5 Int'l Conference on Upper Layer Protocols, Architectures and Applications Vancouver, Canada plattner Gerald Neufeld Jun 8 T1M1, Management and Maintenance (ISDN, Broadband, Frame Relay, etc.) Minneapolis, MN, ADC TElecom Jun 8-12 OIW, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD Jun 10-11 RARE WG1, tentative-Location unknown Jun 11-12 RARE COSINE MHS MGR, tentative-Location unknown Jun 14-17 ICC-SUPERCOMM'92, Chicago, IL. See IEEE Publ.. Jun 15-19 INET92, Kobe, Japan Jun Murai (jun@wide.ad.jp), KEIO University Elizabeth Barnhart (barnhart@educom.edu) "North America Contact" Jun 16-18 ANSI X3S3.3, Minneapolos, MN Jun 22-25 PSTV-XII, Orlando, Florida Umit Uyar, ATT Bell Labs, Jerry Linn, NIST Jun 29-Jul 1 Fourth Workshop on Computer-Aided Verification (CAV 92); see Sigact News, Vol, 22 No. 4 Montreal Canada G. Bockmann: bochmann@iro.umontreal.ca Jul 6-10 IEEE802 Plenary, Bloomington, MN Jul 13-17 ANSI X3T5 Jul 13-24 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC6, San Diego, CA Aug 2 T1S1, Call Control and Signaling (ISDN, Frame Relay, Broadband ATM) Aug 16 T1S1, Call Control and Signaling (ISDN, Frame Relay, Broadband ATM) Aug 17-20 SIGCOMM, Baltimore, MD Deepinder Sidhu, UMBC Aug 18-21 ACM SIGCOMM '92, Baltimore, Maryland Cooper [Page 42] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 Aug 24-27 CONCUR '92 - Third Int'l Conference on Concurrency Theory (Paper deadline March 1, 1992), Stony Brook Rance Cleaveland (rance@csc.ncsu.edu) Scott Smolka (sas@sunysb.edu), in Sep 7-11 12th IFIP World Computer Congress Madrid, Spain; Contact: IFIP92@dit.upm.es Sep 14-18 ANSI X3T5 Sep 21-25 OIW, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD Sep 22-24 ANSI X3S3.3, Boston, MA Sep 28-30 5th IFIP International Workshop on Protocol Test Systems (IWPTS), Montreal, Canada iwpts@iro.umontreal.ca Oct 12-16 FORTE'92, Lannion, France Roland Groz (groz@lannion.cnet.fr) Michel Diaz (diaz@droopy.laas.fr) Oct 26-30 INTEROP92, San Francisco Dan Lynch (dlynch@interop.com) Oct 28-29 NETWORKS '92, Trivandrum, India S.V. Raghavan (raghavan@shiva.ernet.in) Nov 9-13 ANSI X3T5 Dec ANSI X3S3.3, Boulder, CO Dec 6-9 GLOBECOM '92, Orlando, Florida (See IEEE Publications) Dec 7-11 DECUS '92, Las Vegas, NV Dec 14-18 OIW, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 1993 CALENDAR Mar 8-12 INTEROP93, Wasington, D.C. Dan Lynch (dlynch@interop.com) Mar 8-12 OIW, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD Apr 18-23 IFIP WG 6.6 Third International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, Sheraton Palace Hotel, San Francisco, CA (kzm@hls.com) May 23-26 ICC'92, Geneva, Switzerland May-Jun PSTV-XIII, University of Liege. Contact: Andre Danthine, May 23-26 ICC '93, Geneva, See IEEE Publications. Jun 7-11 OIW, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD Aug 18-21 INET93, San Francisco Bay Area Aug 23-27 INTEROP93, San Francisco Dan Lynch (dlynch@interop.com) Aug SIGCOMM, San Francisco Sep ?? 6th SDL Forum, Darmstadt Ove Faergemand (ove@tfl.dk) Sep 13-17 OIW, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD Cooper [Page 43] Internet Monthly Report January 1992 Sep 20-31 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC6, Seoul, Korea. Oct 12-14 Conference on Network Information Processing, Sofia, Bulgaria; Contact: IFIP-TC6 Nov 9-13 IEEE802 Plenary, LaJolla, CA Dec 6-10 OIW, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 1994 CALENDAR Apr 18-22 INTEROP94, Washington, D.C. Dan Lynch (dlynch@interop.com) Aug 29-Sep 2 IFIP World Congress Hamburg, Germany; Contact: IFIP Sep 12-16 INTEROP94, San Francisco Dan Lynch (dlynch@interop.com) 1995 CALENDAR Sep 18-22 INTEROP95, San Francisco, CA Dan Lynch (dlynch@interop.com) ------------------------------- Note: T1E1: Physical Layer Interfaces (ISDN, T1, Broadband, etc.,) T1M1: Management and Maintenance (ISDN, Broadband, Frame Relay, etc.) Cooper [Page 44] Presently we were in a very dark road, and at a point where it dropped suddenly between steep sides we halted in black shadow. A gleam of pale sand, a whisper of deep flowing waters, and a farther glimmer of more sands beyond them challenged our advance. We had come to a "grapevine ferry." The scow was on the other side, the water too shoal for the horses to swim, and the bottom, most likely, quicksand. Out of the blackness of the opposite shore came a soft, high-pitched, quavering, long-drawn, smothered moan of woe, the call of that snivelling little sinner the screech-owl. Ferry murmured to me to answer it and I sent the same faint horror-stricken tremolo back. Again it came to us, from not farther than one might toss his cap, and I followed Ferry down to the water's edge. The grapevine guy swayed at our side, we heard the scow slide from the sands, and in a few moments, moved by two videttes, it touched our shore. Soon we were across, the two videttes riding with us, and beyond a sharp rise, in an old opening made by the swoop of a hurricane, we entered the silent unlighted bivouac of Ferry's scouts. Ferry got down and sat on the earth talking with Quinn, while the sergeants quietly roused the sleepers to horse. Plotinus is driven by this perplexity to reconsider the whole theory of Matter.477 He takes Aristotle¡¯s doctrine as the groundwork of his investigation. According to this, all existence is divided into Matter and Form. What we know of things¡ªin other words, the sum of their differential characteristics¡ªis their Form. Take away this, and the unknowable residuum is their Matter. Again, Matter is the vague indeterminate something out of which particular Forms are developed. The two are related as Possibility to Actuality, as the more generic to the more specific substance through every grade of classification and composition. Thus there are two Matters, the one sensible and the other intelligible. The former constitutes the common substratum of bodies, the other the common element of ideas.478 The general distinction between Matter and Form was originally suggested to Aristotle by Plato¡¯s remarks on the same subject; but he differs325 from his master in two important particulars. Plato, in his Timaeus, seems to identify Matter with space.479 So far, it is a much more positive conception than the ?λη of the Metaphysics. On the other hand, he constantly opposes it to reality as something non-existent; and he at least implies that it is opposed to absolute good as a principle of absolute evil.480 Thus while the Aristotelian world is formed by the development of Power into Actuality, the Platonic world is composed by the union of Being and not-Being, of the Same and the Different, of the One and the Many, of the Limit and the Unlimited, of Good and Evil, in varying proportions with each other. The Lawton woman had heard of an officer's family at Grant, which was in need of a cook, and had gone there. [See larger version] On the 8th of July an extraordinary Privy Council was summoned. All the members, of whatever party, were desired to attend, and many were the speculations as to the object of their meeting. The general notion was that it involved the continuing or the ending of the war. It turned out to be for the announcement of the king's intended marriage. The lady selected was Charlotte, the second sister of the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Apart from the narrowness of her education, the young princess had a considerable amount of amiability, good sense, and domestic taste. These she shared with her intended husband, and whilst they made the royal couple always retiring, at the same time they caused them to give, during their lives, a moral air to their court. On the 8th of September Charlotte arrived at St. James's, and that afternoon the marriage took place, the ceremony being performed by the Archbishop of Canterbury. On the 22nd the coronation took place with the greatest splendour. Mother and girls were inconsolable, for each had something that they were sure "Si would like," and would "do him good," but they knew Josiah Klegg, Sr., well enough to understand what was the condition when he had once made up his mind. CHAPTER V. THE YOUNG RECRUITS Si proceeded to deftly construct a litter out of the two guns, with some sticks that he cut with a knife, and bound with pawpaw strips. His voice had sunk very low, almost to sweetness. A soft flurry of pink went over her face, and her eyelids drooped. Then suddenly she braced herself, pulled herself taut, grew combative again, though her voice shook. HoME²Ô¾®Ïè̫ʲôÐÇ×ù ENTER NUMBET 0016longidc.com.cn
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