~ January 1994 INTERNET MONTHLY REPORTS ------------------------ The purpose of these reports is to communicate to the Internet Research Group the accomplishments, milestones reached, or problems discovered by the participating organizations. This report is for Internet information purposes only, and is not to be quoted in other publications without permission from the submitter. Each organization is expected to submit a 1/2 page report on the first business day of the month describing the previous month's activities. These reports should be submitted via network mail to: Ann Westine Cooper (Cooper@ISI.EDU) NSF Regional reports - To obtain the procedure describing how to submit information for the Internet Monthly Report, send an email message to mailserv@is.internic.net and put "send imr-procedure" in the body of the message (add only that one line; do not put a signature). Requests to be added or deleted from the Internet Monthly report list should be sent to "imr-request@isi.edu". Details on obtaining the current IMR, or back issues, via FTP or EMAIL may be obtained by sending an EMAIL message to "rfc- info@ISI.EDU" with the message body "help: ways_to_get_imrs". For example: To: rfc-info@ISI.EDU Subject: getting imrs help: ways_to_get_imrs Cooper [Page 1] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTERNET ARCHITECTURE BOARD INTERNET ENGINEERING REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 3 Internet Projects ANSNET/NSFNET BACKBONE ENGINEERING . . . . . . . . . . . page 7 BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN, INC., . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 12 CONCERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 19 CSUNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 20 INTERNIC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 21 ISI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 27 LOS NETTOS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 31 NEARNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 32 NORTHWESTNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 35 RARE SECRETARIAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 36 UCL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 40 CALENDAR OF EVENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 41 Cooper [Page 2] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 INTERNET ENGINEERING REPORTS ---------------------------- IETF Monthly REPORT for January, 1994 1. The 29th meeting of the IETF will be held in Seattle, Washington from March 28 through April 1, 1994. This meeting is being hosted by NorthWestNet and the University of Washington. The registration reception will be held Sunday evening, March 27th, beginning at 6 PM. The first wave of announcements have already been sent out by the IETF Secretariat. Information on future IETF meetings can be always be found in the file 0mtg-sites.txt which is located on the IETF shadow directories. 2. There is a new question on the IETF Meeting Registration Form. As an experiment, the Secretariat will be working on an electronic version of the meeting proceedings in addition to the printed version. Meeting attendees must explicitly state whether they want to receive a hardcopy version of the proceedings. REMEMBER: This is an EXPERIMENT (the first time an electronic version is being attempted). 3. The IESG approved or recommended the following five Protocol Actions during the month of January, 1994: o RFC 1408 (Telnet Environment Option) has been reclassified as Historic. o The OSPF NSSA Option as a Proposed Standard. o TN3270 Current Practices be published as an Informational RFC. o Extensions to RIP to Support Demand Circuits as a Proposed Standard. o Protocol Analysis for Extensions to RIP to Support Demand Circuits be published as an Informational RFC. 4. The IESG issued five Last Calls to the IETF during the month of January, 1994: o Definitions of Managed Objects for the SONET/SDH Interface Type for consideration as a Cooper [Page 3] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 Proposed Standard. o Definitions of Managed Objects for Frame Relay Service for consideration as a Proposed Standard. o PPP over ISDN for consideration as a Proposed Standard. o PPP in X.25 for consideration as a Proposed Standard. o PPP over SONET/SDH for consideration as a Proposed Standard. 5. Three Working Groups were created during this period: Address Lifetime Expectations (ale) Printer MIB (printmib) Relational Database Management Systems MIB (rdbmsmib) Additionally, one Working Group was concluded: Mail and Directory Management (madman) 6. A total of 26 Internet-Draft actions were taken during the month of January, 1994: (Revised draft (o), New Draft (+) ) WG I-D Title ------ ----------------------------------------------------- (bgp) o A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) (atommib) o Definitions of Managed Objects for the SONET/SDH Interface Type (iesg) o IETF Working Group Guidelines and Procedures (nir) o A Status Report on Networked Information Retrieval: Tools and Groups (frnetmib) o Definitions of Managed Objects for Frame Relay Service Cooper [Page 4] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 (dns) o DNS Resolver MIB Extensions (dns) o DNS Server MIB Extensions (atm) o Default IP MTU for use over ATM AAL5 (none) o Internet Authentication Guidelines (tn3270e) o TN3270 Extensions for LUname and Printer Selection (none) o Transport Multiplexing Protocol (TMux) (tn3270e) o TN3270 Current Practices (pppext) o The PPP Multi-Link Control Protocol (MLCP) (none) o An Extensible Message Format for Delivery Status Notifications (snadlc) o Definitions of Managed Objects for SNA Data Link Control: SDLC (modemmgt) o Modem MIB (bgp) o BGP-4 protocol document roadmap and implementation experience (tpix) o Common Architecture Technology for Next-generation Internet Protocol (rreq) + Requirements for IP Routers (pppext) + PPP BSD Compression Protocol (sip) + Simple Internet Protocol Plus (SIPP): Unicast Hierarchical Address Assignment (atm) + IP over ATM: A Framework Document (sip) + Simple Internet Protocol Plus (SIPP): Routing and Addressing (sip) + SIPP Security Architecture (sip) + SIPP Authentication Payload (sip) + SIPP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Cooper [Page 5] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 7. There were 13 RFC's published during the month of January, 1994: RFC St WG Title ------- -- -------- ------------------------------------- RFC1563 I (822ext) The text/enriched MIME Content-type RFC1564 I (osids) DSA Metrics(OSI-DS 34(v3)) RFC1565 PS (madman) Network Services Monitoring MIB RFC1566 PS (madman) Mail Monitoring MIB RFC1567 PS (madman) X.500 Directory Monitoring MIB RFC1568 I (none) Simple Network Paging Protocol - Version 1(b) RFC1569 I (none) Principles of Operation for the TPC.INT Subdomain: Radio Paging -- Technical Procedures RFC1570 PS (pppext) PPP LCP Extensions RFC1571 I (telnet) Telnet Environment Option Interoperability Issues RFC1572 PS (telnet) Telnet Environment Option RFC1573 PS (ifmib) Evolution of the Interfaces Group of MIB-II RFC1576 I (tn3270e) TN3270 Current Practices RFC1577 PS (atm) Classical IP and ARP over ATM St(atus): ( S) Internet Standard (PS) Proposed Standard (DS) Draft Standard ( E) Experimental ( I) Informational Steve Coya (scoya@nri.reston.va.us) Cooper [Page 6] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 INTERNET PROJECTS ----------------- ANSNET/NSFNET BACKBONE ENGINEERING ---------------------------------- Network Status Summary ====================== Routing software changes were made to work around problems due to increased memory utilization associated with forwarding table growth on ANSnet. This is a temporary workaround pending the deployment of gated routing software on ANSnet in early February. Following the completion of the phase-5 upgrade in December, overall T3 network stability increased to a 12 month high in January '94. Overall Internet stability (as measured by external route flapping) continued to decrease in January. January Backbone Traffic and Routing Statistics =============================================== The total inbound packet count for the T3 network (measured using SNMP interface counters) was 45,786,027,182 on T3 ENSS interfaces, down 0.5% from December. The total packet count into the network including all ENSS serial interfaces was 53,834,709,296 up 2.9% from December. The maximum number of destinations announced to the T3 network during January was 16,281 up 9.9% from December. The number of network destinations configured for announcement to the T3 network but were never announced (silent nets) during January was 5,462. Rcp_routed Routing Software Changes =================================== Paging problems experienced due to memory used for route computa- tion began to appear on other ENSS. Previously this problem had only been observed on ENSS136 (11 external peers). Changes to rcp_routed software were deployed to reduce memory usage and avoid a problem where router memory allocation for route download spooling could cause page thrashing. Release notes are available for anonymous ftp at ftp.ans.net:/pub/info/t3-rcp_routed/Release-Notes. Cooper [Page 7] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 Routing Stability Measured on the T3 Network ============================================ Internal routing stability measurements are made by monitoring short term disconnect times (disconnects of five minutes duration or less). This is intended as a measure of overall system stability rather than complete connectivity. January showed a considerable improvement over past months: MONTH overall excluding configs ------ ------- ----------------- January 99.1% 99.5% February 99.0% 99.5% March 97.5% 99.1% April 96.1% 97.2% May 97.4% 98.0% June 95.5% 96.6% July 97.3% 97.7% August 97.5% 97.9% September 98.1% 98.5% October 98.0% 98.3% November 97.2% N/A December 96.6% N/A January 98.7% N/A The node that contributed to the most instability in January was ENSS134 due to two consecutive days in which that node suffered from memory page thrashing (rcp_routed problem discussed above). This was followed by E205, a customer site which agreed to be used for early deployment of gated routing software. This node was switched between rcp_routed and gated software a number of times to test gated. The node ENSS177 had numerous power problems and one other node, ENSS133, experienced over one hour of instability. For most nodes, January was very stable, with only 13 nodes reporting more than 30 minutes of instability and 28 nodes reporting over 15 minutes. This histogram of overall stability recorded by each node over the last 12 months is as follows: Cooper [Page 8] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 MONTH >5 hr >2 hr > 1hr >30 min >15 min <= 15min <98.7% <99.7% <99.87% <99.93% <99.97% >=99.97% ------------------------------------------------------------ January 0 0 1 8 19 55 February 0 0 1 24 19 41 March 0 4 18 23 23 22 April 2 2 3 13 12 57 May 0 4 33 32 15 5 June 3 21 35 18 12 3 July 0 12 28 44 6 1 August 1 5 28 21 17 15 September 1 38 25 10 4 13 October 0 3 3 10 25 50 November 1 2 15 25 24 26 December 0 8 24 46 9 3 January 0 0 4 9 15 54 There has been steady increase in route flaps associated with external networks over the course of the last 12 months. The measurement method is described in: ftp.ans.net:/pub/info/routing-stats/ExternalRouteFlapReports This report measures overall Internet stability associated with the number of times networks are announced as unreachable. The following represents the monthly totals in terms of number of networks declared unreachable per hour during the last 12 months. January 844 May 1134 September 2395 February 876 June 1560 October 2272 March 1104 July 1815 November 2321 April 1038 August 1874 December 2008 January 2414 Plots of the internal routing stability, external peer session stability and external route flap are available as the files: ftp.ans.net:/pub/info/routing-stats/internal.ps ftp.ans.net:/pub/info/routing-stats/external.ps ftp.ans.net:/pub/info/routing-stats/flap.ps External Internet route flapping increased to a new monthly high in January. Three destinations were announced as unreachable over 5,000 times (1 US). Another 8 destinations were announced as unreachable over 1,000 times (4 US). Another 179 destinations were announced as unreachable over 500 times (72 US). Another 1045 destinations were announced as unreachable 100 times or more (250 Cooper [Page 9] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 US). 1917 destinations were announced as unreachable 50 time (302 US) and 12,872 destinations were announced as unreachable 1 to 50 times (8,313 US). On average 2414 destinations were withdrawn per hour over the course of the month. Number of times each destination is declared unreachable >=5000 >=1000 >=500 >=100 >=50 <50 3 8 179 1,045 1,917 12,872 total 1 4 72 250 302 8,313 US 2 4 107 795 1,615 4,559 non-US Destinations announced through multiple peer networks are usually counted once for each peer AS over which it is declared unreachable when connectivity is lost (this is generally the case except when a single peer transit provider loses connectivity). There were 31 AS paths announcing over 5,000 networks as unreachable and 29 AS paths sending over 1,000 updates containing unreachables. These were: AS path Updates Destinations 174 14941 52093 2149 14837 50106 701 405 16760 1800;1133;559 306 16571 1800;1755;1717 123 14168 701;702;560 584 13088 603;577;271 152 12524 555 497 12042 602;271 109 9326 19 2083 8909 279 2383 8770 1240;1239;1800;1755;1128;2043;786 238 8723 1800;1133;513;789 789 8333 1800;1755;1128;2043;786 369 8318 1133;1800;1755;1128;2043;786 431 7821 603;577;549 169 7817 568 1501 7303 1800;1239 383 7292 1800;1755;1887 541 6623 297 1406 6560 701;286;1270 97 6540 702;701 402 6495 86 2773 6180 602;577;549 150 5883 204 5626 5722 Cooper [Page 10] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 1324;517 241 5615 1800;1801;786 88 5562 1240;1239;1800;1755;786 264 5394 1133;1800;1755;786 297 5364 1800;701;1849 72 5105 1740;2715 956 5062 174 14941 52093 2149 14837 50106 204 5626 5722 86 2773 6180 1740 2702 4037 2551 2532 4238 279 2383 8770 19 2083 8909 1800;1755;1853;2012 2040 4226 701;286;2118 1960 3830 1133;1800;1755;1853;2012 1951 3940 1674;1133;1800;1755;1853;2012 1940 1993 1240;1239;1800;1755;1853;2012 1796 1805 200 1664 3463 97;1250 1639 4190 201;200 1616 3359 97 1616 2562 293;1251 1591 4061 291;293;1251 1587 4170 568 1501 7303 297 1406 6560 2548 1293 1491 1225 1263 2811 266 1188 2051 1800;701;286;2118 1177 2162 209 1146 4075 372 1145 4497 701;286;1267 1013 3430 1206 1002 1245 There were 102 AS paths with 1,000 to 5,000 destinations announced as unreachable, 60 with between 500 and 1,000, 240 with 100 to 500, 109 with 50 to 100, 289 with 10 to 50, and 387 AS paths with under 10 destinations announced as unreachable. Gated BGP4/CIDR Deployment Update ================================= We are expecting to deploy gated/BGP4 on the first AS690 router (ENSS205) in early February. The BGP code is quite stable and has been running on AS1133 routers since early December and we do not Cooper [Page 11] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 expect many problems with it. The IGP interoperability between the two routing daemons (rcp_routed and gated) has been harder to get working correctly. Once the ENSS205 router is stabilized on gated, our next step will be to deploy gated/BGP4 on ENSS160, ENSS131 (Ann Arbor) and a CNSS (yet to be chosen) that supports HSSI interfaces and FDDI. We plan to burn the code in for a few days and if successful, deploy this further on ENSS136, and possibly ENSS139. Once we have the gated code deployed on these AS690 routers that represent the most complex configurations we need to support, the rest of the AS690 deployment should go quickly. Once the AS690 deployment is complete, we could expect BGP4 peers of AS690 to start to withdraw the more specific routes which are represented by the aggregates that they are announcing. We are working with Merit on a tool that would allow us to monitor which more specific class-based routes (that are represented by announced aggregates) are getting withdrawn on a weekly basis. We hope this will allow us to debug any connectivity problems that are reported, which may be correlated to CIDR transition. Notable Outages in January '94 ============================== E137 (Princeton) suffered an extended power outage on 01/08. E132 (Pittsburgh) suffered an extended power outage on 01/19. E173 (ITESM) suffered an extended power outage on 01/30. E257 (Creative Cybernetics) suffered an extended circuit outage on 01/31. Jordan Becker, ANS, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC. ---------------------------- December/January Reports ======================== Defense Simulation Internet The Defense Simulation Internet (DSI) has grown to over 80 sites. All operational user sites are now running the ST-II protocol on the unclassified side of the network. ST 1.5 is being phased out of the secure side of the network as well. Cooper [Page 12] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 An upgrade to the backbone is planned for February. Capacity will be doubled to 3 Mbps. The DSI supported a major demonstration at the end of November at the Interservice/Industry Training Systems and Education Conference (I/ITSEC). At this conference, simulators in the United States interacted with simulators from Britain using the DSI and ISDN circuits to connect the three sites in Britain. In addition, four Department of Defense Dependent Schools (in Germany, Korea, and the United States) were connected into the DSI and ran a number of demonstrations, using both the ST-II and IP protocols. Inter-Domain Policy Routing During the month of December, we continued our laboratory testing of IDPR multicast and multipath routing. We also integrated the IDPR kernel with mrouted so that we can use IP multicast for intra-domain multicasting and IDPR for inter-domain multicasting. During January, we moved our testing onto DARTnet. Scalability Under its Defense Simulation Internet (DSI) Engineering contract from ARPA (ASTO), BBN is tasked to study the issue of "scalability" from the perspective of network performance and functionality. The Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) user community has ambitious goals for dramatically increasing the scale of simulated war-fighting exercises. While the largest exercises to date have involved less than 1000 "entities" (tanks, planes, ships, etc.), planned future exercises may involve as many as 100,000. Changes to both the DIS applications and the supporting network(s) will be necessary to accommodate this growth. During December and January, work progressed on two fronts. Statistics were collected at two Synthetic Theater of War (STOW) Engineering Demonstrations and in combination with statistics from demonstrations at November's Industry/Interservice Training, Simulation and Education Conference (I/ITSEC) are being analyzed in order to characterize DIS network traffic and DSI performance. Significant progress was made in enhancing the DSI network simulator. In December, network traffic and performance statistics were collected during the first of several Synthetic Theater of War (STOW) Engineering Demonstrations. The DSI statistics collection was coordinated with the STOW participants in order to enable correlation between performance measurements and events within the virtual battle. High frequency collections were done at several Cooper [Page 13] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 points. First, for measurement of raw throughput, SNMP was used to collect counts of packets and bytes entering and leaving router interfaces on both the secure and unclassified subnets. Similar statistics were collected from trunk interfaces on the Wideband Packet Switches that make up the wide area backbone of the DSI. Secondly, for measurement of performance specific to participating hosts and war-fighting entities (multiples of these can be generated by a single host), TCPdump was run on site-resident workstations to collect full traces of simulator update traffic. Thirdly, a special-purpose ping-like program was run among NTP- synchronized, site-resident hosts to measure LAN-to-LAN delay every second. The simulation participants at NRaD also collected statistics, and it is likely that we will be combining our data with theirs for cooperative analysis. In January, another small- scale STOW exercise was held involving only constructive simulators, and statistics were collected during this experiment, as well. The data are currently being analyzed, and preliminary results should be available soon. Unfortunately, much of the data is classified, but the possibility of declassification is being explored. It is expected that initial analysis will consist primarily of traffic characterization and network performance measurement. More advanced analysis will follow, whose objectives will include estimation of the benefits to be gained by various approaches to multicast routing when combined with sophisticated application- level filtering algorithms. The DSI network simulator is part of the Scalability Toolset being built in cooperation with Loral Advanced Distributed Simulation (LADS). The network simulator is operational and is being used to model network loading that would result from sample STOW scenarios being generated at LADS. During December and January, we added real-time statistics display and menu options for file handling. The simulator is also being equipped with a graphical user interface for easy editing and configuration of the topology of the modeled network. In January, an interim release was provided to the "beta test site," Lincoln Lab. This release includes real-time display of network statistics and a load/save feature for ease in bringing up previously stored topologies. Additional progress has been made since then on various cosmetic attributes of the display and tool palette. Point of Contact: Josh Seeger (jseeger@bbn.com) Cooper [Page 14] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 Real-Time Multicast Applications and Communications In the fall, we reported on the development of several new network services -- anycast, multi-level data flows, shared streams, and resource coordination objects. During the past few months, o A paper describing Resource Coordination Objects was distributed to the community and made available for anonymous FTP from clynn.bbn.com as pub/docs/RCOs.ps). o Some of the multicast features developed under this project have been passed on to ISI for integration into the standard DARTnet kernel. This includes low-level features supporting resource coordination objects (RCOs) and multi-level data flows. o We have modified the Video Information Server (VIS) to use three of new network services developed under the Multipoint/Realtime Communications project -- anycast, shared streams (built using Resource Coordination Objects (RCOs), and multi-level data flows. The bulk of recent efforts have been involved in the last task. BBN's Video Information Server (VIS) can operate over wide-area networks using only standard TCP and UDP mechanisms plus IP multicasting. Part of the work involved considering how these new services affect the design and efficiency of wide-area network multimedia applications. We have compared the use of traditional and novel network services in two areas related to the VIS: use of distributed catalogs of video information, and digital delivery of audio and video data. ANYCAST ------- Introduction Anycasting provides a way to locate one of a set of supposedly equivalent network resources. It differs from multicasting in that a multicast datagram is delivered to *every* listener, while an anycast datagram is delivered to *typically one* of a group of listeners: the "best" one according to some criterion. The Video Registry The Video Registry is an anycast-based service through which video applications can locate video resources. It consists of a trivial relational database with a TCP-based query interface, a location server that responds to anycast requests for the nearest registry, and a multicast-based mechanism for redistributing locally-known Cooper [Page 15] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 resources to other registries. A video resource (for example, a catalog server that lists available video clips) sends an anycast UDP datagram to locate the nearest video registry. At most one registry responds with a unicast UDP datagram containing the registry's IP address. Said resource then opens a TCP connection to that address and sends a request to register itself. Every 5 minutes or so, each registry multicasts to all other registries all of the resources it knows from local registration requests. It also immediately announces newly registered resources. Remotely registered resources not heard about for 20 minutes are dropped. A client application locates a registry in the same way, connects to it, and issues a query for all the video resources of a certain class. The registry returned locally-registered resources first, followed by remotely registered ones. New functions in VideoLib make it relatively simple for both client and server applications to use the registry. Vlens Without Anycasting One client application that uses the video registry is vlens, which displays a list of video clips that match supplied keywords, then allows the user to view any clip in the list. The search itself is performed on behalf of vlens by various video servers; vlens can locate these servers using two methods: multicast-based or anycast-based. Each video server has a WAIS server that exports one or more video catalogs (BBN's video server currently exports 11 catalogs). In addition, each video server has a multicast catalog-query manager. By default, vlens uses IP multicast queries. Each time the user enters some keywords, vlens sends out a couple of multicast query datagrams containing the keywords plus a globally-unique identifier. The catalog-query managers receive these datagrams and forward the query to their corresponding WAIS server (running on the same host). If a WAIS server returns any valid matches, the catalog-query manager sends a response datagram to the multicast originator saying, in effect, "I have a valid response to your query ID #." Queries are idempotent; subsequently received query datagrams with the same identifier elicit an immediate retransmission of the above reply. After transmitting its queries, the client application sits back and awaits replies. After a time, it iterates through the list of replies, opening a TCP connection to each of the responding query Cooper [Page 16] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 managers and saying, "Send me your responses to my query ID #." Each response takes the form of a one-line EDL file, which vlens simply concatenates for display to the user. Vlens With Anycasting The above scheme is simple to implement, and takes good advantage of the parallelism inherent in multiple catalog servers. Nevertheless, it is obviously non-deterministic, and in practice tends to be noticeably unreliable. The alternative anycast-based search mechanism, enabled by running "vlens -anycast", works rather differently. When first started in anycast mode, vlens uses anycast to locate the nearest Video Registry. It then opens a TCP connection to the registry and gets a list of all resources of class "WAIScatalog". Vlens then iterates through this list, contacting each WAIS server at the given address and port. It forms a query to the INFO database asking for all ".src" files, which in turn identify all available databases; it retrieves these into a subdirectory of /tmp. At this point vlens is ready for user input; it then takes each user query and sends it in turn to each of the available databases, collecting up to 250 total responses. SHARED STREAMS -------------- Introduction A Shared Stream is a bandwidth reservation shared by multiple transmitters. A conventional bandwidth reservation is made when a single transmitter requests absolute priority use of a specified number of bits per second between two specified network endpoints (Note that "absolute priority use" is not the same thing as "exclusive use.") If another transmitter makes a similar request, it receives a separate allocation from that of the first transmitter. Nevertheless, in some circumstances (such as a floor-controlled videoconference) the second transmitter doesn't really need a separate allocation, because it will never transmit at the same time as the first transmitter. Shared Streams are a way for other transmitters to request access to the same stream already allocated for the first transmitter, with the promise that their total combined transmitted bandwidth will somehow be limited to the original allocation. Cooper [Page 17] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 Registering a Shared Stream BBN's implementation of Shared Streams works as follows: - The first transmitter sends the Resource Reservation Daemon (RRD) a FlowSpec detailing its bandwidth requirements. - If the reservation succeeds, the RRD returns a Resource CoordinationObject (RCO) ID, which consists of an IP address followed by 32 additional bits. - Subsequent transmitters send their local RRDs the same FlowSpec plus the RCO ID returned to the first transmitter. Video clients that use shared streams first agree on an alias by which the RCO ID will be known when it becomes available. The first client to obtain the RCO ID registers it in the video registry under the agreed-upon alias. Later clients retrieve it under the same alias. When the originator closes down its stream, it unregisters the alias. Shared Streams in XIO We modified the XIO program, which transmits and receives JPEG- compressed video and mu-law audio, to support shared streams. When invoked as "xio -t -ptt -join " argument, the XIO transmitter interacts with the RRD and video registry, as described above, before each connection attempt. To create a suitable FlowSpec, XIO derives a conservative estimate of its bandwidth requirements from the initial settings for picture size, inter- frame delay, and quantization factor. The "-ptt" flag causes the XIO transmitter to display a Push-To- Talk (PTT) button; it transmits audio and video only while that button is depressed. For our demonstration, we run XIO at three separate DARTnet sites with at least one common segment across which two streams must flow. Videoconference participants take turns depressing their PTT buttons, multicasting their image and voice to all participants. MULTI-LEVEL DATA FLOWS ---------------------- Introduction A multi-level data flow is an unreliable transmission in which the transmitter tags each datagram with its importance to the overall information transfer. For example, in a pyramid-encoded video transmission the low-frequency data, which gives the overall shape of the image, is more important than the high-frequency data, which Cooper [Page 18] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 fills in details. Faced with inadequate bandwidth, intermediate gateways would discard the less-important datagrams first. In the video server, we chose to demonstrate two-level video transmission. Because we do not have a pyramid encoder, we chose to transmit a low-resolution image with audio, and a high- resolution image without audio. A receiver requesting a low- bandwidth transmission would receive a complete, but small, picture with audio. A receiver requesting a high-bandwidth transmission would receive both streams, displaying a large image from the high-resolution stream with the audio from the low-resolution stream. Multi-level Flows in XIO We modified the XIO program to support multi-level flows. Given the "-subflows" argument, XIO will transmit and receive audio and video in one or two hierarchical subflows. For example, "xio -t -subflows 01" will set up a transmitter that sends two subflows numbered 0 and 1, while "xio -r -subflows 0" will set up a receiver that only subscribes to Subflow 0. Our demonstration of multi-level flow support consists of Workstation A multicasting a two-subflow digital video stream from a continuous audio+video source (such as a television channel) in which Subflow 0 contains audio and low-quality compressed video (JPEG quantization factor of 500), and Subflow 1 contains high- quality compressed video (JPEG quantization factor of 100) only. Workstation B receives both streams, playing the audio but discarding the video from Subflow 0 while showing the video from Subflow 1. Workstation C receives only Subflow 0, from which it plays both the audio and video data. Karen Seo CONCERT ------- In December, the HPCC research group began evaluating the resource requirements for incorporating the Compressed Video Interoperability Protocol concept from Viewpoint Systems Inc. into a general interoperability framework for packet-based video conferencing. This intention was conveyed through the following statement: "MCNC, in Research Triangle Park, N.C., intends to incorporate the Compressed Video Interoperability Protocol concept into a general framework being developed that will foster interoperability among Cooper [Page 19] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 different video coding schemes. Supporting interoperability is consistent with the objectives of MCNC's existing Packet Video Project and associated Packet Video Forum. A detailed estimate of the scope of the effort and the required implementation resource is underway." In January, the ATM testing group and the HPCC research group successfully tested interoperation between 2 Fujitsu SMX-6000 broadband service multiplexors and the Fore ASX-100 switch, at OC3c link speed. A lesson learned was that applications should not use VCIs 14,15, and 65535 to avoid conflict with with internal use by the switch (software version 2.2.5). by Tom Sandoski CSUNET ------ CSU was awarded a CALREN grant from Pacific Bell. The grant will provide Pacific Bell ATM services at no charge for a two year trial. The trial will be a joint venture between the California State University and University of California systems. San Jose State University is the only university in the state of California now offering a Masters in Library Science. The trial will exploit ATM services for transfer of video images and JPEG (2Mb-8Mb) video between three CSU campuses. Instructional facilitators and cirriculum designers from CSU and UC will be collaborate to form a new M.S. in Library Science to be taught anywhere in California. On the new connections front, CSUnet continues to attract new education, research, and state agencies for connection to the Internet. The focus remains on districts, libraries, county offices of education and community colleges rather than individual high schools because it is often the case that administrative systems connecting the high schools can be re-used for instruction. Latest members include: The County of Riverside (the entire county system will provide connections to county and city agencies) East Side Unified School District (San Jose area) Ventura County Superintendent of Schools Butte College (Chico area) City College of San Francisco Yosemite Community College District CSU Stanislaus Off-site Center San Joaquin Valley Library system Sonoma County Library system California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office Cooper [Page 20] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 CSUnet has installed a frame-relay hub in Los Alamitos and has contracted GTE to provision yet untariffed services. Pacific Bell also is providing new frame-relay connections. The "public" net is being used instead of our private net for these new 56K connections because of the low pricing by the RBOCs. Mike Marcinkevicz (mdm@CSU.net) INTERNIC -------- INFORMATION SERVICES Contact Information: Reference Desk Information Toll-free hotline +1 800 444-4345 Email info@internic.net Fax +1 619 455-4640 InterNIC Suggestions or Complaints Suggestions suggestions@internic.net Complaints complaints@internic.net NSF Network News Newsletter subscriptions newsletter-request@internic.net Newsletter comments newsletter-comments@is.internic.net InterNIC Seminar Series Information seminars@internic.net or +1 800 444-4345 Listserv lists net-happenings listserv@internic.net net-resources listserv@is.internic.net nics listserv@is.internic.net InfoSource Host Name is.internic.net Host Address 192.153.156.15 Postal address InterNIC Information Services General Atomics P.O. BOX 85608 San Diego, CA 92186-9784 Cooper [Page 21] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 TRAINING RESIDENTS OF THE GLOBAL VILLAGE The InterNIC Seminar Series ---------------------------------------- The InterNIC Seminar Series "Training Residents of the Global Village" was unveiled January 20-21, 1994, at the Houghton-Mifflin Company in Boston, Massachusetts. Employees of the company participated in two InterNIC seminars, "Using Network Tools Effectively" and "Building an Electronic Network Information Center", taught by Chris Weider of Bunyip Information Systems, Inc. Both programs were well received by the participants. Below is the Seminar Schedule for Feburary 1994. 1. Using Network Tools Effectively This seminar will demonstrate to new and experienced users how to effectively utilize current network tools to identify and locate valuable network resources. Topics will include FTP, telnet, WAIS, WorldWideWeb, gopher, archie, X.500 and Whois++. Date: February 15, 1994 Instructor: Chris Weider, Bunyip Information Systems, Inc. Location: Tempe, Arizona Host: ASPIN Date: February 18, 1994 Instructor: Chris Weider, Bunyip Information Systems, Inc. Location: Fayetteville, Arkansas Host: ArkNet II. Hello Internet: Tools for the Classroom Designed to meet the needs of educators and administrators at all levels, this seminar will introduce the Internet and demonstrate its relevance to the classroom. Specific tools will include archie, gopher, NCSA Mosaic, and live video over the network via CU-SeeMe. Date: February 23, 1994, morning Instructor: Yvonne Andres, Global SchoolNet Foundation Location: Del Mar, California Cooper [Page 22] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 III. Making and Managing Global Learning Projects Many ideas for online learning projects languish because teachers lack the skills to effectively organize and conduct projects in the Internet environment. This seminar will give educators many practical strategies and skills, as well as examples for making, marketing, and managing their own collaborative learning project ideas. Date: February 23, 1994, afternoon Instructor: Al Rogers, Global SchoolNet Foundation Location: Del Mar, California Seminars are being scheduled for locations throughout the country in 1994. Please contact us if you are interested in hosting a seminar at your location. For more information or an electronic registration form, contact the addresses below: email: seminars@internic.net gopher: is.internic.net FTP: is.internic.net phone: 619-455-4600 or 800-444-4345 NSF Network News ---------------- The _NSF Network News_, on hiatus since December, has resumed preproduction with Vol. 1, No. 1 (March/April 1994). To subscribe, send email to newsletter-request@internic.net, and specify if you prefer hardcopy or ASCII. An integral and popular part of the _NSF Network News_ is the 6- page fold-out map of U.S. Internet Connectivity sites. In the past, regional and midlevel networks contributed statistics on the number and identity of their connections and customers, as well as the number of dialup customers for inclusion in the Map. In order to update the Map for future issues of the _NSF Network News_, updated statistics are needed from all network NICs. Networks which have contributed to past versions of the Map are: Cooper [Page 23] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 BARRNet CERFnet CICNET CONCERT JcNCnet Los Nettos MIDNET Merit/MichNet MRNet MCSAnet NEARnet NorthWestNet NSFNET Backbone Sites NYSERNet OARnet PREPnet PSCNET PSInet SDSCNET SESQUINET SURAnet THEnet UIUC/net VERnet WESTNET WiscNet We are still collecting information from contributors for the next issue of the _NSF Network News_. Please contact the Publications Department of Information Services at +1 619 455-3941, +1 619 455- 3934 or newsletter-comments@internic.net for more information on updating or adding your listing to the Internet Connectivity Map. Reference Desk -------------- The Reference Desk received over 4600 requests for information during January due to continued media attention. The InterNIC IS Reference Desk staff has been working hard to handle the thousands of requests, and the Help Desk staffs at both Directory and Database Services and Registration Services have been a great help by taking calls from clients unable to get through. We regret any inconvenience this may have caused the Internet community. Cooper [Page 24] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 The following table gives a summary of the Reference Desk contacts for January: Method Contacts % of Total ------- -------- --------- Email 642 14.8 Phone 3449 79.4 Fax 214 4.9 US Mail 19 <1 Other 19 <1 ------- -------- --------- Total 4343 100 by Karen D. Frazer DIRECTORY AND DATABASE SERVICES For users who have telnet access to the Internet, we have a number of "public" logins available on our server. guest - This login provides a menu interface to the Directory and Database Services. Help and tutorial information is available as part of the menu system. This login is a good choice for new users of our services. It provides access to most of the services described below. newuser - This is an alternate name for the "guest" login and provides access to the same menu interface. wais - Provides access to a telnet-oriented WAIS client. This client has access to all of the WAIS databases on our server. If you are a new users of this interface, type "help tutorial" after logging in. The databases available include the Directory of Directories database, all of the RFCs that are available in electronic form, Internet Drafts, and a number of other collections of documents. gopher - Provides access to a Gopher client that starts out at the top of the InterNIC Gopher tree. archie - Provides access to an Archie server. netfind - Provides access to Netfind. Netfind is a system that uses finger, DNS, and other standard Internet tools to try to find users with accounts on machines connected to the Internet. Netfind has associated help files for additional information. Cooper [Page 25] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 x500 - Provides access to an X.500 client that gives access to a global X.500 directory tree. The tree includes organizations that are participating in the Paradise project (worldwide, but primarily in Europe) and the White Pages Project in the US. All of these logins are available through telnet on our host, ds.internic.net. No password is required for any of the logins. A reminder - if you would like to help the Internet community find a resource that you offer, send mail to admin@ds.internic.net and we will send information about listing your resource in the Directory of Directories. by Rick Huber REGISTRATION SERVICES Significant Events ------------------ InterNIC Registration Services received 2,320 calls in January, mainly as a result of an article in _USA Today Weekend_ magazine January 23, 1994. The majority of these calls requested information on connecting to the Internet. A number of service providers have begun to implement inverse addressing on their existing CIDR blocks. Registration Services is working with each of these providers in transistioning inverse addressing so no customers are inconvenienced. Registration Statistics for November ------------------------------------ Hostmaster Email 3,688 Postal/Fax Applications 233 Telephone Calls 2,320 Domain Registered 826 Inverse Addresses 691 Class C's Assigned 6,724 Class B's Assigned 45 ASN Assigned 46 Cooper [Page 26] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 Connections Retrievals Gopher Sessions 51,770 17,904 Wais Sessions 20,817 36,469 Ftp Sessions 6,773 28,809 Telnet Sessions 50,370 Mail Server 1,743 by John Zalubski ISI --- GIGABIT NETWORKING Greg Finn attended the NDS/IEC Conference in Arlington, VA January 31-February 2, 1994. Joyce Reynolds attended the RIPE meetings in Amsterdam, Netherlands Jan 21-28, 1994. 13 RFCs were published this month. RFC 1563: Borenstein N., "The text/enriched MIME Content-type" Bellcore, January 1994. RFC 1564: Barker, P., (UCL), R. Hedberg (TUD), "DSA Metrics, (OSI-DS 34 (v3))", January 1994. RFC 1565: Kille, S., WG Chair, (ISODE Consortium), N. Freed, Editor, (Innosoft), "Network Services Monitoring MIB", January 1994. RFC 1566: Kille, S., WG Chair, (ISODE Consortium), N. Freed, Editor, (Innosoft), "Mail Monitoring MIB", January 1994. RFC 1567: Mansfield, G., (AIC Systems Laboratory), S. Kille ISODE Consortium, "X.500 Directory Monitoring MIB", January 1994. RFC 1568: Gwinn, A. (Southern Methodist University), Simple Network Paging Protocol - Version 1(b), January 1994. RFC 1569: Rose, M., (Dover Beach COnsulting, Inc.,) "Principles of Operation for the TPC.INT Subdomain: Radio Paging -- Technical Procedures", January 1994. Cooper [Page 27] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 RFC 1570: Simpson, W., Editor (Daydreamer), "PPP LCP Extensions", January 1994. RFC 1571: Borman, D., Cray Research, Inc., "Telnet Environment Option Interoperability Issues", January 1994. RFC 1572: Alexander, S. (Editor), Lachman Technology, Inc., "Telnet Environment Option", January 1994. RFC 1573: McCloghrie, K., (Hughes LAN Systems), F. Kastenholz, (FTP Software), January 1994. RFC 1376: Penner, J., "TN3270 Current Practices", DCA, Inc., January 1994. RFC 1577: Laaubach M., "Classical IP and ARP over ATM", (Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, January 1994. US DOMAIN ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION ------------------------------------ EMAIL/FAX/PHONE 528 ---------------------------- Total Contacts 528 DELEGATIONS 30 DIRECT REGISTRATIONS: 24 OTHER US DOMAIN MSGS: 474 --------------------------- Total 528 OTHER US DOMAIN MESSAGES INCLUDE: modifications, application requests, discussion and clarification of the requests, questions about names, referrals to other subdomains or to/from the InterNic, resolving technical problems with zone files and name servers, and whois listings. Cooper [Page 28] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 Third Level US Domain Delegations this month -------------------------------------------- K12.DC.US D.C. K12 Schools CC.OR.US Oregon Community Colleges GEN.OR.US General branch of US Domain MUS.OR.US Oregon Museums STATE.OR.US Oregon State Gov't Agencies TEC.OR.US Oregon Technical Schools CC.VA.US Virginia Community Colleges K12.VA.US Virginia K12 Schools TEC.VA.US Virginia Technical Schools SWEET.WY.US Sweetwater, WY, locality USDA.FED.US US Department of Agriculture FS.FED.US US Forest Service BELINGHAM.WA.US Bellingham, WA, locality MANKATO.MN.US Mankato, MN, locality PALO-ALTO.CA.US. Palo Alto, CA, locality Other US Domain Delegations this month -------------------------------------- CO.ALBEMARLE.VA.US Albemarle, VA, County Agencies CO.DUVAL.FL.US Duval, FL, County Agengies CI.OAKLAND.CA.US Oakland, CA, locality MARLBOROUGH.LA.CA.US Marlborough Independent Secondary School SEAPUB.K12.WA.US Seattle, WA Public School District ACES.K12.CT.US Area Cooperative Educ. Serv. CT Schools MTCS.TEC.ME.US Main Technical College System TAC.NYC.NY.US Lappeenrata Univ. Of Technology SANDER.CUPERTINO.CA.US Sander, Cupertino Domain ADMIN.CO.MARTIN.FL.US. Martin County Bd. of County Comm. Admin. LAKESIDE.SEA.K12.WA.US Lakeside School, Seattle WA SW2.K12.WY.US. Sweetwater County School District #2 VALGIS.DEP.CI.NYC.NY.US NYC DEP Water Supply at Valhalla CATGIS.DEP.CI.NYC.NY.US NYC DEP Water Supply at Catskill BOARDWATCH.LITTLETON.CO.US Boardwatch Magazine Cooper [Page 29] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 TABLE OF DELEGATED DOMAINS BY STATE K12 CC TEC STATE LIB MUS GEN ----------------------------------------------------------- AK AL X AR X AS AZ X X X X X ----------------------------------------------------------- CA X X X X CO X X X X CT DC X ----------------------------------------------------------- DE X X X X X FL X X X X X GA X X X X HI ----------------------------------------------------------- IA X X X X ID X X X X IL X X X X IN X X X X KS ----------------------------------------------------------- KY X X X X X X X LA X X X X X MA ME X MI X X X X X ----------------------------------------------------------- MN X X X X X X X MO X X X X MS X X MT NC X X X X ----------------------------------------------------------- ND X X NE X X X X NH X X NJ X NM X X X ----------------------------------------------------------- Cooper [Page 30] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 K12 CC TEC STATE LIB MUS GEN ----------------------------------------------------------- NV NY X X X X OH X X X X X X X OK OR X X X X X X X ----------------------------------------------------------- PA X RI X SC X X X X X SD X X ----------------------------------------------------------- TN TX X X X X UT X X X VA X X X ----------------------------------------------------------- VI VT X X WA WI X X X WV X X X X X X X WY X =========================================================== For more information about the US Domain please request an application via the RFC-INFO service. Send a message to RFC- INFO@ISI.EDU with the contents "Help: us_domain_application". For example: To: RFC-INFO@ISI.EDU Subject: US Domain Application help: us_domain_application Ann Westine Cooper (Cooper@ISI.EDU) LOS NETTOS ---------- Walt Prue and Jon Postel attended the Regional Techs mtg held in San Diego at the San Diego Supercomputer Center January 31st and Feb 1st. Walt Prue Cooper [Page 31] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 NEARNET ------- NEARnet Membership Update NEARNET'S SERVICE AREA EXPANDS As of January 27, 1994, NEARNET has grown to a total of 287 member organizations. NEARNET has expanded its service area, now including leased-line points of presence (PoPs) in New York City and New Haven, Connecticut. NEARNET has also installed dialup PoPs in Worcester, Massachusetts; Hanover, New Hampshire; and Hartford, Connecticut. NEARNET would like to welcome the following new members who have joined since the Fall of 1993: ALPHATECH Inc., Burlington, MA ALPINE Computer Systems, Holliston, MA American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, MA Amphibian Media Corporation, New York, NY The Boston Globe, Boston, MA Champlain Valley Union High School, Hinesburg, VT Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory's Quest Protein Database Center, Beverly, MA Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA CW Publishing Inc., Framingham, MA DMI, Woburn, MA Epoch Systems, Westborough, MA FARNET, Lexington, MA Getty Art History Information Program, Williamstown, MA Goddard College, Plainfield, VT Gradient Technologies, Inc., Malboro, MA Harmonix Corporation, Lowell, MA IDEA Associates, Billerica, MA International Data Corporation, Framingham, MA Iris Associates, Inc., Westford, MA Kollsman, Merrimack, NH LightStream Corporation, Billerica, MA Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME Maine Technical College System of Augusta, ME McLean Hospital Corporation, Belmont, MA Merrimack College, Andover, MA Millenium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA Molten Metal Technology, Waltham, MA Myco Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA New Hampshire College, Manchester, NH Cooper [Page 32] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 The Northeast Regional Laboratory, Andover, MA Parametric Technology Corp., Waltham, MA The Praxis Group, Inc., Burlington, MA Providence College, Providence, RI Raytheon Missile Systems Division, Sudbury, MA Rhode Island Department of Education, Providence, RI Rivier College, Nashua, NH Saint Anselm College, Manchester, NH Salve Regina University, Newport, RI SeaBeam Instruments, Inc., E. Walpole, MA Simon's Rock College of Bard, Great Barrington, MA Spaceball Technologies Inc., Lowell, MA University of New England, Biddeford, ME University of New Haven, New Haven, CT Vermont State College, Waterbury, VT Yale University, New Haven, CT NEARNET USER SERVICES STEERING COMMITTEE ESTABLISHED The NEARNET User Services Steering Committee (USSC) has been established to provide guidance to NEARNET's User Services staff. The USSC will also advise the NEARNET Steering Committee on user- service related areas, including: policy, information services, packages, training and seminars. The USSC is made up of people from NEARNET member organizations. The first USSC meeting was held on November 12, 1993. The second meeting was held on January 10, 1994. Subsequent meetings will be held every six weeks. The next USSC meeting is scheduled for February 28. NEARNET TRAINING SCHEDULE FOR 1994 NEARNET is introducing a set of three six-hour lecture and demo courses offered quarterly for member representatives. This set of courses includes: (1) An Introduction to Resources on the Internet; (2) An Orientation for New NEARNET Information and Technical Liaisons; and (3) An Introduction to Internet Technology. All new liaisons and system administrators are encouraged to attend the "NEARNET Liaison Orientation". Information liaisons should also attend the "Introduction to Internet Resources" course, and technical liaisons and systems administrators should also attend the "Introduction to Internet Technology" course. The entire set of three courses is available to three people from each new "full-service" NEARNET site. The "NEARNET Liaison Orientation" course is open to all NEARNET members on a first-come Cooper [Page 33] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 first-served basis. The "Introduction to Internet Resources" and the "Introduction to Internet Technology" courses are also open to existing NEARNET members, for a fee, on a first-come first-served basis. All courses will be held from 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM at the BBN Newman Auditorium, 70 Fawcett Street, Cambridge, MA. Advanced registration is required for all courses. To register, send email to nearnet-seminars@nic.near.net, or call 617-873-8730 and press option six. Schedule for NEARNET Training Courses 1994 --------------------------------------------------------------- Winter Spring Summer Fall --------------------------------------------------------------- Feb 22 | May 11 | Aug 10 | Nov 16 | Introduction to Internet Resources Feb 23 | May 12 | Aug 11 | Nov 17 | NEARNET Liaison Orientation Feb 24 | May 13 | Aug 12 | Nov 18 | Introduction to Internet Technology --------------------------------------------------------------- INTERNET TOOLS MINI-SEMINAR A mini-seminar covering NEARNET-provided Internet tools and value- added services will be held on March 16th. This seminar is being held to satisfy the overwhelming interest in Internet applications expressed during the NEARNET Annual Seminar in December 1993. The seminar will cover NEARNET's new Gopher and World Wide Web (WWW) servers, the InterNavigator, the Global Network Navigator (GNN), and the Commerce Business Daily online service. The seminar will be held from 9:00 AM until 12:30 PM at the BBN Newman Auditorium, 70 Fawcett Street, Cambridge, MA. Advanced registration is required. To register, send email to nearnet- seminars@nic.near.net, or call 617-873-8730 and press option six. Additional information on future mini-seminars for 1994 will be announced shortly. NEW NEARNET INFORMATION SERVICES As of November 1993, NEARNET provides the "Commerce Business Daily" (CBD) online for it's members via FTP from ftp.near.net in the directory cbd. The CBDs are also available via NEARNET through five cbd newsgroups, pincluding: cbd.notices, cbd.foreign, cbd.awards, cbd.procurements and cbd.surplus. Cooper [Page 34] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 Since November 1993, NEARNET has also provided its member organizations with access to O'Reilly's Global Network Navigator(tm) (GNN), an interactive general-interest Internet guide. Through an agreement with O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., NEARNET member organizations may also receive free profiles in the GNN Marketplace service. Additional information on the GNN pservice is available via NEARNET's Gopher at nic.near.net or anonymous FTP at ftp.near.net in the pathname: docs/gnn-info.txt. NEARNET ANNUAL SEMINAR Over 250 member representatives attended NEARNET's Annual Seminar on Friday, December 3, 1993 at Bentley College in Waltham, Massachusetts. Guest speakers included: Telecommunications policy analyst Mark Horan (standing in for Representative Edward Markey), Craig Partridge of BBN, and Ed Krol, author of "The Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog". by NEARNET Client Services NORTHWESTNET ------------ NorthWestNet welcomes our newest member organization, the Alaska Native Medical Center of Anchorage, Alaska. The User Services Committee elected Eve Ruff as the new committee vice chair. Eve is Head of Library Services at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington. Eve was also the topic moderator for the January 20 teleconference committee meeting titled "Care and Feeding of Gopher: Policy Management, Planning, Execution, and Maintenance Considerations." Fourteen hours of on-site training were provided to 18 K-12 teachers and administrators participating in the U.S. Department of Education funded grant, CHOICES (Changing How we Organize: Inclusion through Collaboration and Educating Support). New staff members to the NorthWestNet technical services group include Steve Corbato, Network Engineer, and Bruce Dugan, Systems Engineer. ----------------- NorthWestNet E-mail: info@nwnet.net 15400 SE 30th Place, Suite 202 Phone: (206) 562-3000 Bellevue, WA 98007 Fax: (206)562-4822 Cooper [Page 35] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 Dr. Eric S. Hood, Executive Director Jan Eveleth, Director of User Services Dan L. Jordt, Director of Technical Services Anthony Naughtin, Director of Member Relations NorthWestNet serves the six state region of Alaska, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, and Washington. RARE SECRETARIAT ---------------- NEWS FROM RARE (Reseaux Associes pour la Recherche Europeenne) CEENet A new international networking association has recently been established: CEENet, of which the members are at the moment: ACONET (Austria), UNICOM (Bulgaria), CARNet (Croatia), CESNET (Czech republic), NASK (Poland), SANET (Slovakia) and UARNet (Ukraine). More CEEC members are expected to join shortly. The members are networking organizations that represent their country with authorization from their government. CEENet's role is to coordinate international aspects of academic and research networking in the CEEC region. CEENet was admitted as International Membership of RARE. CEENet has chosen RARE as the umbrella body for networking for research in Europe. A planning group has been set up to discuss how best to coordinate infrastructure planning and to function as a point of reference. RARE/EARN merger With the overall target of strengthening user representation in Europe the Executives of EARN and RARE are progressing a merger between the two Associations. RARE Signatory of ICT MoU RARE has signed the Memorandum of Understanding on Partnership in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), a EC initiative targeting enhancing user involvement in ICT. Elections Executive Committee Kees Neggers was elected President, Paul Van Binst Vice-President and Peter Bakonyi Treasurer. Sven Tafvelin and Christian Michau are the new members of the Executive Committee. The new RARE Executive Cooper [Page 36] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 Committee takes office on 1 May 1994. RARE Technical Programme RARE will establish a project involving maintenance of the reference implementation of World Wide Web and will seek funding for this project. The activity will be coordinated with Mosaic. The RARE Technical Committee is planning a Europe wide effort to coordinate the INIX and D-GIX activities and will raise the funding for this coordination effort. RARE Publications RARE has published its seventh in its series of Technical Reports: "RTR7 (RFC1502) has appeared: X.400 use of Extended Character Sets". The report was written by Harald Alvestrand from UNINETT, Trondheim in Norway. The author believes that this specification can easily accomodate the use of any character set in the ISO registry . Also the guidelines given for choosing character sets will help interworking. This is the second Technical Report to be published as RTR and Internet RFC at the same time. Paper copies of RARE publications are available from the RARE Secretariat. Electronic versions can be obtained from the RARE document server. Conferences and seminars INET'94/JENC5 Conference The annual Joint European Networking Conference (JENC) will be held in conjunction with the INET'94 conference in Prague this year. This event will take place on 13-17 June in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. The conference committee of INET'94/JENC5 is chaired by Geoff Manning (UKERNA, responsible for JNT programme), while Bernhard Plattner (ETH, Zurich) again chairs the programme committee. Local arrangements are in the hands of Jan Gruntorad (Czech Technical University). At the moment the organizers are in the process of composing the programme for the conference which will become available in March. If you would like to receive a copy of the programme, please have your email address added to our distribution list ('inet-jenc- request@rare.nl'). Already available from inet-jenc-request@rare.nl is the Call for Papers, which gives an overview of the various tracks and topics that will be presented and discussed in Prague. Cooper [Page 37] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 EARN is organizing a Network Services Conference in London, from 28 to 30 November, subsequent to which a large RARE Working Group meeting will take place. The final report on the NATO Advanced Networking Workshop on Research Networking in Central and Eastern Europe that took place in Budapest last Autumn will be available from the fileserver, soon. The Workshop was very well attended and regarded as very useful by several countries. HIGH SPEED NETWORKING SYMPOSIUM The 3rd Symposium on High Speed Networking for Research in Europe was held on 2 February 1994. The regis tration process for this symposium already showed a large interest with 148 participants from 24 countries, 2 even from Japan, but even more experts attended during the day. The attendees' comments were full of praise of this unique opportunity to exchange and review High Speed Networking issues. Presentations There were 14 high-level presentations on various subjects such as: - engineering trans-oceanic 44 MBs TCP/IP networks - high speed services plans applied to backbone technology - coordinated ATM testing and services within Europe - multimedia experiments in SGN, the Stockholm Gigabit Network - LARA, an Interconnection of ATM products - ATM experiments for High Rate Space Telemetry Transportation and more. General The symposium was especially of interest to experts in the field of ATM. It brought together the practical experience of ATM from the research, PNO and service communities, as well as the experience from major commercial user organizations. Examples of on site, intersite and even international testing with ATM were covered, as well as research work related to supporting ATM at higher speed. Some of the current gaps in ATM implementations were identified, but it was noted that technical specifications in these areas had been, or were being, produced. An overview of some of the presentations Dr Leslie Clyne reported on the work of the RARE ATM Task Force which is coordinating ATM developments between RARE organizations, Cooper [Page 38] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 and is acting as a forum for exchange of information and experience. Coordination of input to the proposed European ATM PNO pilot is also being carried out. Dr Guy Almes described some of the network engineering issues associated with the deployment of a Trans-oceanic DS3 link between mainland USA and Hawaii. Dr Juha Heinanen presented the FUNET project which links ATM sites in Finland and is providing pilot services. He identified both the potential of ATM, and some of the technical shortcomings in areas such as agreement on protocol stacks, implementation of traffic policing and dynamic signalling. Dr Leslie Clyne reported on the national UK SuperJANET project which is using a combination of networking services and technologies including SMDS, and ATM over PDH/SDH, to provide high speed networking to over 50 sites. During the 1st half of 1994 some 50 sites are getting SMDS connections at 10 Mbps, and at least 12 sites will have ATM switches connected to the 100+ Mbps WAN bandwith. Prof. Bjorn Pehrson described the Stockholm SDH Gigabit testbed which is facilitating research into new multimedia experiments requiring 100's of Mbps of intersystem bandwith. Dr Jaques Prevost presented previous work on ATM in the French research community and the recently approved plan for national ATM testing and deployment. Mr Jalal Samain descri bed the BETEL project which in 1993 transferred ATM cells between France and Switzerland. LAN's were connected using an ATM switch and Virtual Paths between routers. Mr Kees Neggers described the plan for SURFNet 4, which is an ATM- based technology pilot to connect 2, then 9 sites in the Netherlands. Ms Jocelyne Lemagnen described the extensive work done by the LARA consortium in France on LAN and WAN ATM testing. In particular the LAN environment used ATM switches from many vendors, and a variety of hosts were connected. Some of the technical gaps in specifications were identified. A presentation by Alcatel explained the current research trends on development of optical ATM switches which would allow use of the technology above the current limitation of Gigabit speed for access ports. Cooper [Page 39] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 Mr Rumeau described the use of ATM for the support of high speed (50 Mbit/sec) Constant Bit Rate services to interconnect ground sites and transfer bulk data from satellite experiments. Fourth Symposium on High Speed Networking The announcement of a fourth symposium on High Speed Networking for research in Europe in 2 or 3 years' time was warmly welcomed by all. The proceedings will be published in the next issue of CNRE. For more information contact: raresec@rare.nl or kiers@rare.nl fileserver: gopher.rare.nl or ftp.rare.nl Judith Kiers RARE Publicity Officer UCL ---- MICE now have H.261 Quad-multiplexing software working. We have also completed an mbone monitoring tool, and will be releasing it (with source, so sites can audit the code before running) in the next week or so. We await delivery of a sun to SURA so that we can run the CBQ and classifier code that is now working locally. John Crowcroft (j.crowcroft@CS.UCL.AC.UK) Cooper [Page 40] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 CALENDAR -------- The information below has been submitted to the IETF Secretariat as a means of notifying readers of future events. Readers are requested to send in dates of events that are appropriate for this calendar section. Please send submissions, corrections, etc., to: 1994 ------------ Feb. 6-10 High-speed ntwking & multimedia apps San Jose, CA Feb. 14-17 UniForum Dallas, TX Feb. 14-17 IEEE/IFIP Ntw Ops/Mgt Orlando, FL Feb. 20-25 SHARE Anaheim, CA Mar. 3-4 RARE Technical Committee Amsterdam, NL Mar. 7-11 IEEE P802.11 Plenary Vancouver, BC Mar. 14-16 5th Wkshp on VHSN Baltimore, MD Mar. 14-18 OIW Mar. 15-18 ARPA HPCC Symposium Alexandria, VA Mar. 16-23 CeBIT '94 Hannover, Germany Mar. 22-26 Seybold Boston, MA Mar. 23-26 Comp, Freedom & Priv Chicago, IL Mar. 24-27 2nd Intl Conf on Telecom Sys. modelling & anaysis Nashville, TN Mar. 28-Apr. 1 29th IETF Seattle, WA Mar. 29 Rare Exec./EARN Exec. Comm. Amsterdam, NL Apr 6-8 National Net '94 Washington, DC Apr. 11-15 High Performance Computing La Jolla, CA Apr. 18-20 European Exhb. HP Comp/Ntwk Munich, Germany Apr. 18-22 IEEE POSIX May 2-6 NetWorld+Interop Las Vegas, NV May 4-6 IFIP '94 Hamburg, Germany May 9-12 IEEE P802.11 Interim Oshawa, Ontario May 16-18 RIPE Amsterdam, NL May 19-20 RARE Council of Admn. Darmstadt Jun. 1-3 IFIP WG 6.5 Barcelona, Spain Jun. 6-8 Digital World Los Angeles, CA Jun. 8-10 Seybold Paris Jun. 6-10 USENIX Boston, MA Jun. 6-10 NetWorld+Interop Berlin Jun. 12 RARE Technical Committee Prague Jun. 13-17 INET94/JENC Prague Jun. 13-17 OIW Jun. 20-Jul. 1 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC6 Helsinki Cooper [Page 41] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 Jun. 27-Jul. 1 HPN '94 Grenoble, France Jun. 27-Jul. 1 Home-oriented informatics Copenhagen, Denmark Jul. 11-15 8th ACM Intntl Supercomputing Manchester, England Jul. 11-15 IEEE P802.11 Plenary Orlando, FL Jul. 13-14 W/S on Community Networking Millbrae, CA Jul. 25-29 30th IETF Toronto, Canada Jul. 25-29 Sigraph 94 Orlando, FL Jul. 25-29 NetWorld+Interop Tokyo, JP Aug. 1-2 USENIX Berkeley, CA Aug. 7-12 SHARE (IBM) Boston, MA Aug. 10-12 IFIP Protocols Vancouver, BC Aug. 22-26 6th Joint EPS-APS Phyicics Lugano, Switzerland Aug. 28-Sep 2 IFIP World Congress Hamburg, Germany Aug. 29-Sep 2 SIGCOMM 94 London, England Sep. IEEE P802.11 Interim TBD Sep. 7-9 Windows Solutions San Francisco, CA. Sep. 12-16 NetWorld+Interop Atlanta, GA Sep. 12-16 OIW Sep. 13-16 Seybold San Francisco, CA Sep. 14-16 4th Int'l CCHP Vienna, Austria Sep. 26-28 2nd IWACA Heidelberg, Germany Oct. 2-5 IEEE Leading Edge Comp. Ntwg Minneapolis, MN Oct. 6-8 Parallel & Dist. Compt. Sys Las Vegas, NV Oct. 24-28 NetWorld+Interop '94 Paris, France October/November Windows Solutions Germany Nov. 2-4 Gigabit testbed jamboree Reston, VA Nov. 7-11 IEEE P802.11 Plenary Incline Village, NV Nov. 11-14 ICCCN '94 San Francisco, CA Nov. 14-15 CEC Cist 237 M-media Vienna, Austria Nov. 14-18 Supercomputing '94 Washington, DC Nov. 14-18 USENIX/ACM SIGOPS Monterey, CA Nov. 14-18 31st IETF (Tentative) SFO Bay Area Nov. 28-Dec. 2 Email World Boston, MA Dec. 5-9 31st IETF (Tentative) SFO Bay Area Dec. 7-9 Windows Solutions Tokyo, JP Dec. 12-16 OIW 1995 --------- Jan. 16-20 USENIX New Orleans, LA Feb. 16-17 PSRG - ISOC Symposium Feb. 20-24 UniForum Dallas, TX Feb. 26-Mar. 3 SHARE (IBM) Los Angeles, CA Mar. 6-10 IEEE 802 Plenary Tentative Mar. 13-17 OIW Mar. 13-17 32nd IETF (Tentative) Mar. 13-24 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC6 Tokyo, JP Mar. 20-24 32nd IETF (Tentative) Cooper [Page 42] Internet Monthly Report January 1994 Mar. 27-31 Email World Chicago, IL Mar. 28-30 NetWorld+Interop (Tentative) Las Vegas, NV May 18-19 RARE Council of Admin. Tel Aviv, Israel May-Jun. NetWorld+Interop (Tentative) Berlin, Germany Jun. ISOC Wkshop for Tech. Emerging Countries Jun. 12-16 INET '95 (Tentative) Singapore, JP Jun. 12-16 OIW Jun. 19-22 USENIX San Francisco, CA Jun. INET95 Jul. 10-14 IEEE 802 Plenary (Tentative) Jul. 17-21 33rd IETF (Tentative) Sep. 11-15 OIW Oct. 3-11 Telecom '95 Geneva, Switzerland Oct. 9-13 Email World San Jose, CA Nov. 6-10 IEEE 802 Plenary (Tentative) Nov. 13-17 34th IETF (Tentative) Dec. 4-8 OIW Dec. 4-8 34th IETF (Tentative) 1996 ----------- Mar. 11-14 UniForum San Francisco, CA Mar. 18-22 OIW Jun. 10-14 OIW Sep. 2-6 14th IFIP Conf. Canberra, AU Sep. 9-13 OIW Dec. 9-13 OIW 1997 ----------- Mar. 10-13 UniForum San Francisco, CA Via ftp: /ietf/1events.calendar.imr.txt on ietf shadow directories Via gopher: "Internet Society / IETF / IETF Meetings / Scheduling Calendar" on ietf.cnri.reston.va.us Cooper [Page 43] Presently we were in a very dark road, and at a point where it dropped suddenly between steep sides we halted in black shadow. A gleam of pale sand, a whisper of deep flowing waters, and a farther glimmer of more sands beyond them challenged our advance. We had come to a "grapevine ferry." The scow was on the other side, the water too shoal for the horses to swim, and the bottom, most likely, quicksand. Out of the blackness of the opposite shore came a soft, high-pitched, quavering, long-drawn, smothered moan of woe, the call of that snivelling little sinner the screech-owl. Ferry murmured to me to answer it and I sent the same faint horror-stricken tremolo back. Again it came to us, from not farther than one might toss his cap, and I followed Ferry down to the water's edge. The grapevine guy swayed at our side, we heard the scow slide from the sands, and in a few moments, moved by two videttes, it touched our shore. Soon we were across, the two videttes riding with us, and beyond a sharp rise, in an old opening made by the swoop of a hurricane, we entered the silent unlighted bivouac of Ferry's scouts. Ferry got down and sat on the earth talking with Quinn, while the sergeants quietly roused the sleepers to horse. Plotinus is driven by this perplexity to reconsider the whole theory of Matter.477 He takes Aristotle¡¯s doctrine as the groundwork of his investigation. According to this, all existence is divided into Matter and Form. What we know of things¡ªin other words, the sum of their differential characteristics¡ªis their Form. Take away this, and the unknowable residuum is their Matter. Again, Matter is the vague indeterminate something out of which particular Forms are developed. The two are related as Possibility to Actuality, as the more generic to the more specific substance through every grade of classification and composition. Thus there are two Matters, the one sensible and the other intelligible. The former constitutes the common substratum of bodies, the other the common element of ideas.478 The general distinction between Matter and Form was originally suggested to Aristotle by Plato¡¯s remarks on the same subject; but he differs325 from his master in two important particulars. Plato, in his Timaeus, seems to identify Matter with space.479 So far, it is a much more positive conception than the ?λη of the Metaphysics. On the other hand, he constantly opposes it to reality as something non-existent; and he at least implies that it is opposed to absolute good as a principle of absolute evil.480 Thus while the Aristotelian world is formed by the development of Power into Actuality, the Platonic world is composed by the union of Being and not-Being, of the Same and the Different, of the One and the Many, of the Limit and the Unlimited, of Good and Evil, in varying proportions with each other. The Lawton woman had heard of an officer's family at Grant, which was in need of a cook, and had gone there. [See larger version] On the 8th of July an extraordinary Privy Council was summoned. All the members, of whatever party, were desired to attend, and many were the speculations as to the object of their meeting. The general notion was that it involved the continuing or the ending of the war. It turned out to be for the announcement of the king's intended marriage. The lady selected was Charlotte, the second sister of the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Apart from the narrowness of her education, the young princess had a considerable amount of amiability, good sense, and domestic taste. These she shared with her intended husband, and whilst they made the royal couple always retiring, at the same time they caused them to give, during their lives, a moral air to their court. On the 8th of September Charlotte arrived at St. James's, and that afternoon the marriage took place, the ceremony being performed by the Archbishop of Canterbury. On the 22nd the coronation took place with the greatest splendour. Mother and girls were inconsolable, for each had something that they were sure "Si would like," and would "do him good," but they knew Josiah Klegg, Sr., well enough to understand what was the condition when he had once made up his mind. CHAPTER V. THE YOUNG RECRUITS Si proceeded to deftly construct a litter out of the two guns, with some sticks that he cut with a knife, and bound with pawpaw strips. His voice had sunk very low, almost to sweetness. A soft flurry of pink went over her face, and her eyelids drooped. Then suddenly she braced herself, pulled herself taut, grew combative again, though her voice shook. HoME²Ô¾®Ïè̫ʲôÐÇ×ù ENTER NUMBET 0016www.mashaike.org.cn
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